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BNC: 155 COCA: 180

against

a·gainst /əˈɡenst, əˈɡeɪnst $ əˈɡenst/ ●●● S1 W1 prepositionprep
1 
a) AGAINST/OPPOSEused to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something 反對
Every council member voted against the proposal.
每位市政會委員都對該提案投了反對票。
those who are campaigning against the new road
鼓動反對修築新公路的人
He advised me against travelling.
他建議我不要去旅行。
Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism.
霍華德先生表明反對任何形式的種族主義。
the fight against terrorism
反恐怖主義的鬥爭
b) AGAINST/OPPOSEused to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone 〔行爲〕違背，與…相悖
They got married against her parents’ wishes (=although they knew her parents did not want them to).
他們是違背她父母的意願結婚的。
She has been kept in the house against her will (=she does not want to stay in the house).
她被人強行關在屋子裏。
The use of certain drugs is against the law (=illegal).
施用某些藥物是違法的。
It’s against my principles to borrow money (=I do not believe it is right).
向人借錢違背我的原則。
c) used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule 〔法律或法規〕禁止
There ought to be a law against it.
應該有條法律來禁止這種事。
2  AGAINST somebody IN A GAMEused to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc 和…比賽[打仗等]
Gambotti was injured in last Saturday’s game against the Lions.
甘博蒂在上周六與雄獅隊的比賽中受了傷。
We’ll be competing against the best companies in Europe.
我們要和歐洲一些頂級的公司競爭。
3  AGAINST/OPPOSEused to say who is harmed, threatened, or given a disadvantage 對…造成傷害[威脅，不利]
violence against elderly people
對老年人的暴力行爲
crimes against humanity
危害人類的罪行
discrimination against women
對婦女的歧視
There had been death threats against prison staff.
有人對監獄管理人員發出了死亡威脅。
Your lack of experience could count against you.
缺乏經驗可能對你不利。
The regulations tend to work against smaller companies.
這些法規往往對較小的公司不利。
4  TOUCHused to say that something touches, hits, or rubs a surface 碰；撞
the sound of the rain drumming against my window
雨點敲打我的窗戶的聲音
The car skidded and we could hear the crunch of metal against metal.
汽車打滑了，我們聽到了金屬相碰的哐當聲。
5  TOUCHnext to and touching an upright surface, especially for support 倚着，靠着
There was a ladder propped up against the wall.
有一把梯子靠在牆邊。
The younger policeman was leaning against the bureau with his arms folded.
那位較年輕的警官兩臂交叉，倚靠在辦公桌旁。
6  OPPOSITE/FACEin the opposite direction to the movement or flow of something 逆 OPP with
sailing against the wind
逆風航行
She dived down and swam out strongly against the current.
她跳下水，逆流奮力遊出去。
7  BEHINDseen with something else behind or as a background 以…爲背景；襯托
He could see a line of figures silhouetted against the sky.
他看到在天空的映襯下有一排人影。
It is important to know what colours look good against your skin.
知道哪些顔色襯自己的皮膚很重要。
8  CONNECTED WITHused to show that you are considering particular events in relation to other events that are happening at the same time 在…情況下；在…背景下
The reforms were introduced against a background of social unrest.
改革是在社會動蕩的背景下開始的。
9  COMPAREused to say what you are comparing something with 與…相比
The pound has fallen 10% against the dollar.
英鎊對美元下跌了10%。
She checked the contents of the box against the list.
她對照清單檢查箱子裏的東西。
The cost of the proposed research needs to be balanced against its benefits.
對於計劃中的研究，需要權衡其費用和得益。
10  PROTECTused to say who or what you are trying to protect someone or something from 防，抗
insurance against accident and sickness
意外事故和疾病保險
a cream to protect against sunburn
一種防止曬傷的乳霜
a vaccine which is effective against pneumonia
一種有效預防肺炎的疫苗
11  used to say who is said or shown to have done something wrong 表明[聲稱]…有錯
He has always emphatically denied the allegations against him.
他一直斷然否認對他的指控。
The evidence against you is overwhelming.
對你不利的證據無可辯駁。
12  be/come up against somebody/something PROBLEMto have to deal with a difficult opponent or problem 必須面對某人/某事
You see, this is what we’re up against – the suppliers just aren’t reliable.
你瞧，這就是我們必須面對的難題，供應商就是靠不住。
Examples from the Corpus
be/come up against somebody/something• The acts were not just reluctant to offend, but even to probe beyond the first middle-class convention they came up against.• And what do you do when to come up against a brick wall?• Here, Wade realized, he had come up against a few firm truths.• Together, they come up against an extraordinarily barbaric state bureaucracy and not a few disappointments.• What you have here is a situation where custom and convention comes up against constitutional guarantees.• In every direction he came up against his own incompleteness.• A ripple of crowd laughter came up against the breeze from the direction of the main grandstands.• At every turn workers found themselves coming up against the State.
13  have something against somebody/something DON'T LIKEto dislike or disapprove of someone or something 不喜歡[不贊成]某人/某事
I don’t have anything against babies. I just don’t feel very comfortable with them.
我並不是不喜歡嬰兒，只是跟他們在一起覺得不太自在。
Examples from the Corpus
have something against somebody/something• I have nothing against people making lots of money.
Examples from the Corpus
against• Only 3% of blacks were registered voters against 97% of the white residents.• I'm against all forms of hunting.• Everyone was against closing the factory.• I have trouble knowing what colors look good against each other.• I hate it when the cat rubs its head against my legs.• It's against my principles to borrow money.• Eating good food is good insurance against sickness.• The planning regulations tend to work against smaller companies.• He was injured in the game against the Cowboys.• It's so difficult swimming against the current.• The younger policeman was leaning against the desk.• There were 10 votes for and 15 against the motion.• We had to sail against the wind.• The rain drummed against the window.• This spray can be used against weevil and other crop pests.
against ... principles• I do not think that we should be against such moral principles.• It was against the Bush principles.• Now all she had to do was fool Felipe de Santis and go against all her principles.• To review all rules against the principles agreed and evaluate how they can be simplified.• It went against normal principles of materials suspended in liquid spreading randomly and as uniformly as possible.• He is adamant that any open manifestation of religious or cultural identity at school goes against the principles of secular state education.• C Measured against these principles, some aspects of the Pennsylvania informed-consent scheme are unconstitutional.• Other customers, strangers, sometimes offered to buy her drinks, but it was against her principles to accept them.
Origin against
(1300-1400) againes “against” ((11-16 centuries)), from again
a·gainst prepositionprep
Syllable
Corpus
BNC: 155 COCA: 180
BNC: 155 COCA: 180
against prep.
⇨ against sb/sth
BNC: 155 COCA: 180

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