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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484

excuse

Word family 
ex·cuse1 /ɪkˈskjuːz/ ●●● S1 verb [transitiveT]
1  excuse me spoken
a) REPEATused when you want to get someone’s attention politely, especially when you want to ask a question 勞駕〔用於禮貌地引起他人注意，尤其是發問時〕
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum please?
勞駕，請問去博物館怎麽走？
b) SORRY/APOLOGIZEused to say that you are sorry for doing something rude or embarrassing 對不起
Oh, excuse me. I didn’t know anyone was here.
噢，對不起，我不知道這裏有人。
c) LET/ALLOWused to ask someone politely to move so that you can walk past 借光，借過〔用於禮貌地請求别人讓路〕
Excuse me, could I just squeeze past?
借光，請讓我過去一下好嗎？
d) LEAVE A PLACEused to politely tell someone that you are leaving a place 抱歉〔用於禮貌地表示要離開〕
Excuse me a moment. I’ll be right back.
抱歉，我失陪一會兒，馬上就回來。
e) DISAGREEused when you disagree with someone but want to be polite about it 請原諒〔用於禮貌地表示反對〕 SYN I’m sorry
Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s what he meant at all.
請原諒，不過我認爲他絕對不是這個意思。
f) American EnglishAmESORRY/APOLOGIZE used to show that you disagree with someone or are very surprised or upset by what they have just said 請原諒，很抱歉〔用於表示不同意某人的意見或對其所說的話感到意外或不快〕
‘You’re going to pay, right?’ ‘Excuse me?’
“你來付錢，對嗎？”“你說什麽？”
g) especially American EnglishAmEREPEAT used to ask someone to repeat something that they have just said 請再說一遍 SYN pardon me
‘What time is it?’ ‘Excuse me?’ ‘I asked you what time it is.’
“現在幾點了？”“對不起，你說什麽？”“我問你現在幾點了。
Examples from the Corpus
excuse me• Answer, all I know is Sam and Diane were there, was there, excuse me.• Oh, excuse me. Did I mispronounce your name?• Excuse me for a minute. I'll be right back.• Oh excuse me, I am.• Oh, excuse me. I didn't know you were standing in line.• Excuse me - I didn't realize there was anyone in here.• If you will excuse me I must get back to lurking.• Excuse me. I need to get through.• Oh, excuse me, is that your bag I just stood on?• Excuse me. Is this the right bus to the airport?• Well, excuse me, M'Lud, there are other explanations.
2  forgive 原諒FORGIVE to forgive someone for doing something that is not seriously wrong, such as being rude or careless 原諒〔某人的小錯〕
I’ll excuse you this time, but don’t be late again.
這次我原諒你，但别再遲到了。
Please excuse my bad handwriting.
請原諒，我的字寫得不好。
excuse somebody for (doing) something
Please excuse me for being so late today.
請原諒，我今天來得太晚了。
Smith can be excused for his lack of interest in the course (=his lack of interest is reasonable).
史密斯對這門課不感興趣是情有可原的。
 Register
In informal situations, people often say sorry about …, sorry for doing ... or sorry I … rather than asking someone to excuse something: 在非正式的場合中，人們常說 sorry about ...，sorry for doing ... 或sorry I...，而不說請某人excuse something
Sorry about my handwriting.
對不起，我的字寫得不好。
Sorry for being so late, or Sorry I’m so late.
對不起，我來得太晚了。
3  from a duty 免除責任LET/ALLOW to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do 免除〔某人〕的責任
be excused from (doing) something
Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold.
我今天能不遊泳嗎？我感冒了。
n Grammar
Excuse is usually passive in this meaning.
4  explain 解釋REASON to be or give a good reason for someone’s careless or offensive behaviour 爲…開脫；給…找理由
Nothing can excuse that kind of rudeness.
什麽也無法爲那種粗魯行爲開脫。
5  from a place 離開某處LET/ALLOW to give someone permission to leave a place 準許…離開
May I please be excused from the table?
我可以離開飯桌了嗎？
6  excuse yourself to say politely that you need to leave a place 禮貌地告辭
Richard excused himself and went to his room.
理查德禮貌地告辭，到自己的房間去了。
Examples from the Corpus
excuse yourself• Once, my eyes start to fill with tears and I excuse myself and go to find the bathroom.• Constance detected a change in the atmosphere as Giancarlo excused himself and walked down the steps to greet his last guest.• Richard excused himself and went to his room.• On the ground, when they had left the parked plane, Myeloski excused himself and went to the men's room.• I excuse myself for this failure of perception, for I think he was concealing it even from himself.• He has excused himself from a dinner meeting to return her call.• She was sitting at the mirror in her room, having excused herself from her cousins' chatter minutes before.• I excused myself from Mr Cardinal and moved towards the doors.• They heard Paul excuse himself to go into the house.
7. excuse me (for living)! spokenOFFEND used to show that you are annoyed when someone has told you that you have done something wrong 實在對不住了！
Examples from the Corpus
excuse• Penalties are negotiable, so always try to get penalty charges excused.• But it is worse it's also a history of mechanical idealism excusing criminal stupidity.• Kinney asked to be excused from his duties on the board.• Can I be excused from swimming today? I've got a cold.• She excuses herself a moment to prepare a tray of little snacks they urge her not to trouble herself to prepare.• Constance detected a change in the atmosphere as Giancarlo excused himself and walked down the steps to greet his last guest.• He does nothing to hide or excuse Jacob's cruelty.• I'll try to get them to excuse me from the meeting.• My accident and stunned expression seemed to excuse me, however.• I got the hiccups, excuse me.• He doesn't excuse mistakes, he simply won't allow them.• I didn't realize this was a formal party, so I hope you can excuse my appearance.• Excuse my brother if he talks too much, he's rather excitable.• I'm sorry, but that explanation doesn't excuse what he did.
excuse somebody for (doing) something• No excuses were offered for a lacklustre performance on Saturday.• Then he excused himself for a meeting.• Kring excused himself for a moment.• Would you excuse me for a moment?• He himself had drunk one quick light beer before excusing himself for an early night.• You'll have to excuse me for being late - my car broke down.• The defense excused him for just cause.• People came and went and were excused, sometimes for obvious reasons, sometimes not.
be excused from (doing) something• Please excuse Sherry from gym class today. She has had the flu.• He glanced over at me and then he excused himself from his conversation.• He has excused himself from a dinner meeting to return her call.• I excused myself from Mr Cardinal and moved towards the doors.• I learned that not knowing how to do a job would not excuse me from that job.• Such a model attempts to encourage the unbeliever to excuse the believer from the task of justifying theism.• We excuse you aides from most of your housekeeping duties to enable you to see to the patients.• She was sitting at the mirror in her room, having excused herself from her cousins' chatter minutes before.• Answering machine winks cheerfully, but it is only Mrs Body excusing herself from work tomorrow because of the funeral.
ex·cuse2 /ɪkˈskjuːs/ ●●● S3 noun [countableC]
1  REASONa reason that you give to explain careless or offensive behaviour 〔 辯解的〕理由
excuse for (doing) something
What’s your excuse for being late this time?
你遲到了，這次又是什麽理由？
I’m tired of listening to his excuses.
我聽厭了他的種種理由。
► see thesaurus at reason
2  REASONa reason that you invent to explain an action and to hide your real intentions 虛假的理由；托詞；借口
excuse to do something
I need an excuse to call her.
我給她打電話需要有個借口。
excuse for
The conference is just an excuse for a holiday in New York.
這個會議不過是個去紐約度假的借口。
3  there is no excuse for something used to say that someone’s behaviour is too bad to be explained or accepted 某事怎麽說都不對
There is no excuse for such rudeness.
這種無禮行爲實在說不過去。
Examples from the Corpus
there is no excuse for something• I concede that the Newcastle doctors may be ignorant but there is no excuse for you.• But there is no excuse for modern hymns to contain gender-based or sexist language.• In Britain, for example, there is no excuse for not knowing recent trends in the cost of living.• Do make sure the welts are not floppy. there is no excuse for this, even with a single bed double rib.• But precisely because the stakes are so high there is no excuse for ignoring nuances, glossing over contradictions and exaggerating faults.• Nowadays, there is no excuse for getting into trouble.• So there is no excuse for ignoring the chance to communicate.• With modern technology there is no excuse for this kind of slapdash remastering.
4  make your excuses EXPLAINto explain why you are not able to do something 解釋爲何不能做某事
Please make my excuses at the meeting tomorrow.
請在明天的會上替我解釋一下不能到會的原因。
Examples from the Corpus
make your excuses• How dared he stand her up - and then get that woman to phone and make his excuses?• I made my excuses and departed soon after that.• I made my excuses and left before Grant Watson remembered I owed him an essay.• I made my excuses and left.• Valerie Jones made her excuses and left - she had had more than enough coffee.• Two-thirds of those summoned for jury service do not turn up, some making their excuses, some not bothering.• We made our excuses and left.• We make our excuses, in fact.
5  a poor/rotten etc excuse for something BAD ATused when you think someone or something is very bad 極差的…；極不稱職的…
He’s a rotten excuse for a lawyer. Why on earth did you hire him?
他是個極糟糕的律師，你到底爲什麽僱用他？
Examples from the Corpus
a poor/rotten etc excuse for something• But Tories have continued to attack, saying the scheme is a poor excuse for real pedestrianisation.
6. American EnglishAmEREASON a note written by your doctor or one of your parents saying that you were ill on a particular day 病假條 SYN British English sick note
 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
verbs
make up/think up/invent an excuse 編造借口
I made up some excuse about my car breaking down.
我編了個借口，說我的車抛錨了。
nWe’d better think up an excuse, fast.
make excuses for somebody/something (=give reasons which try to explain why someone has made a mistake or behaved badly) 爲某人/某事找借口
His mother was always making excuses for her son's behaviour.
他媽媽總是爲兒子的行爲找借口。
use something as an excuse 拿某事物當借口
She never complained or used her illness as an excuse.
她從不抱怨，也不拿自己的病當借口。
look for an excuse 找借口
I began to look for excuses to avoid seeing him.
我開始尋找種種借口，避免和他見面。
give an excuse 給出理由
I'll have to give my boss some kind of excuse.
我總得給我老板一個理由。
believe/accept an excuse 相信/接受理由
She didn’t believe his excuse for one minute.
她壓根兒不相信他的借口。
have an excuse 有理由
Companies have no excuse for breaking the law.
公司沒有任何理由違反法律。
adjectives
a good excuse 好借口
A sunny day is a good excuse to go to the beach.
天氣晴朗就應該到海灘去。
na wonderful excuse (=a very good excuse)
A wedding is a wonderful excuse to buy a new outfit.
a reasonable/plausible excuse (=one that other people will believe) 可以接受的/說得過去的理由
If your train was cancelled, that is a perfectly reasonable excuse.
要是你那班火車被取消了，那可就是個再好不過的理由。
a legitimate/valid excuse (=one that is true and that other people cannot criticize) 正當/合理的理由
He didn’t have a legitimate excuse for being late.
他遲到了，沒有正當的理由。
the perfect excuse 極好的借口
The phone call gave me the perfect excuse to leave.
這個電話正好讓我有借口離開。
a feeble/flimsy/weak excuse (=one that is difficult to believe) 無力/不可信的借口
Joe muttered some feeble excuse about having a headache.
喬嘟嘟哝哝地搪塞說他頭痛。
a pathetic/lame excuse (=very weak) 牽強的/站不住腳的借口
nThat’s the most pathetic excuse I’ve ever heard.
the usual excuse/the same old excuse 慣常的借口/老一套借口
nHe made the usual excuses for not coming.
nWhenever the trains are late, it's always the same old excuse.
a convenient excuse 現成的借口
nThe rioting provided the government with a convenient excuse not to hold an election.
phrases
use every excuse in the book (=use every possible excuse) 千方百計找借口
He used every excuse in the book to avoid seeing the doctor.
他千方百計找借口不去看病。
at the slightest excuse (=for any reason, however unimportant) 以很小的事爲借口
She comes to our house at the slightest excuse.
她動不動就借故到我們家來。
Examples from the Corpus
excuse• We shall use his perceived activities as an excuse for not growing up.• But Symington and his allies used it as an excuse to further postpone what is inevitable and right.• There were complaints by black youths of police harassment, the sus laws merely being used as an excuse for this.• He said his car had broken down, but it was just an excuse for coming home late.• Yet, after three years, it also sounded like an excuse.• I had to rush the decorators through, but I knew exactly what I wanted and I wouldn't take any excuse.• That is the most feeble excuse for failing a test that I have ever heard.• He doesn't make excuses when he gets something wrong.• D'Arquebus Senior's pedantic excuses made no sense.• Oh shut up Bill, I'm tired of listening to your excuses.
excuse for (doing) something• My patients often use that as an excuse for chocolate binges, shopping binges, alcohol, and affairs.• Deprivation must not be an excuse for everything.• Looking for an excuse for a vacation, I picked the keys.• John Major seems to sympathise, but the voters can be excused for not yet noticing.• There were to be no excuses for him returning.• There are so many, many deferred projects here that I have no excuse for now.• The only excuse for the House of Lords is that it exists.• Mr Strine also gives readers excuses for his losses, such as injuries to key players or even the weather.
excuse to do something• But Symington and his allies used it as an excuse to further postpone what is inevitable and right.• Neil Fraser looked tired and on edge, his wife was subdued and made an excuse to leave them early.• His ouster furnished Nixon with an excuse to send troops into Cambodiawhich now turned into a new battlefield.• I think it a good excuse to get away from his family.• How could she make excuses to Uncle Willi?• You imagine this war gives you the excuse to disobey me and do exactly as you wish.
Origin excuse1
(1400-1500) Old French excuser, from Latin excusare, from causa “cause, explanation”
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484
excuse

noun¹

 1reason given給出的理由ADJECTIVE | VERB + EXCUSE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤perfect, wonderful完美的藉口；巧妙的藉口▸➤excellent, good, great, legitimate, valid極好的藉口；正當的理由▸➤convincing, decent, plausible, reasonable令人信服的／體面的／貌似可信的／合情合理的理由➤acceptable可接受的理由◇an acceptable excuse for missing school可接受的缺課理由➤bad, feeble, flimsy, lame, lousy, pathetic, poor, weak (especially NAmE) 糟糕的藉口；牽強的藉口；蹩腳的藉口；勉強的藉口▸➤convenient, easy, handy方便的藉口；容易找的藉口◇The children provided a convenient excuse for missing the party.孩子們為沒有參加聚會隨便找了個藉口。➤dumb, ridiculous, stupid荒唐的／可笑的／愚蠢的藉口◇He made up some stupid excuse to the teachers.他編了個愚蠢的藉口來應付老師。➤standard, usual通常的藉口➤built-in (NAmE) 現成的藉口◇a built-in excuse for failure為失敗找的一個現成的藉口➤possible可以用作藉口的說法◇What possible excuse could he have?他還能有什麼藉口？➤every每一個藉口◇She seized on every excuse to avoid doing the work.為避免做這件事她抓住每一個藉口。➤the slightest最微不足道的藉口◇He became moody and unreasonable, flailing out at Katherine at the slightest excuse.他變得喜怒無常、不可理喻，為點兒雞毛蒜皮的小事就毆打凱瑟琳。VERB + EXCUSE➤have有藉口◇He had no excuse for being so late.他對自己遲到這麼久找不出藉口。➤give, make, offer給出藉口；作出解釋；提供理由◇She made some feeble excuse about the car having broken down.她編造了汽車拋錨這麼個蹩腳的理由。◇You don't have to make excuses for her (= try to think of reasons for her actions).你不用替她找藉口。◇It's late. I'm afraid I'll have to make my excuses (= say I'm sorry, give my reasons and leave).時間不早了，抱歉，恐怕我得走了。➤give sb, offer sb, provide (sb with)讓某人有藉口； ( 給某人 ) 提供理由◇Delivering the stuff for George gave me an excuse to take the car.給喬治遞送材料給我提供了用車的理由。◇Her mother's illness provided her with an excuse to stay at home.她母親生病使她有藉口待在家裏。➤need需要藉口▸➤look for尋找藉口▸➤create, find, invent, make up, think of, think up製造藉口；找到藉口；編造藉口；想出藉口◇She had to find a valid excuse for leaving the room.她需要找一個合理的藉口離開房間。◇He made up a rather lame excuse for the work being late.他為拖延工作編了一個相當沒有說服力的藉口。➤use sth as用⋯作為藉口◇The political crisis is being used as an excuse to dock people's pay.政治危機被用作扣減工資的藉口。➤run out of用盡藉口◇He's run out of excuses for not cleaning his room.他再也找不到不清掃房間的理由了。➤become變成藉口◇Don't let perfectionism become an excuse for never getting started.不要藉口追求完美而從不行動。➤mumble嘟嘟囔囔說出藉口◇Justin mumbled some excuse and left.賈斯廷嘟囔了個藉口就離開了。➤accept, believe, buy (informal, especially NAmE) 接受藉口；相信有理由➤hear聽到藉口◇I don't want to hear any more excuses.我不想再聽任何藉口。➤reject拒絕接受藉口PREPOSITION➤excuse about關於⋯的藉口◇He invented a pathetic excuse about losing his watch.他為丟錶編了一個站不住腳的藉口。➤excuse for為⋯的藉口◇It's just an excuse for a party.這只不過是找個藉口聚會罷了。PHRASES➤there is no excuse for...為⋯無可辯解◇There's no excuse for such conduct.這種行為說不過去。
excuse

noun²

 2bad example of sth壞的典型ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤lousy, miserable, pathetic, pitiful, poor, sad, sorry (especially NAmE) 蹩腳貨；拙劣的東西；糟糕的樣辦◇She's a pitiful excuse for an actress.她是一個蹩腳的女演員。◇a sorry excuse for a man差勁的男人PREPOSITION➤excuse for⋯的拙劣樣品◇Why get involved with that pathetic excuse for a human being?為什麼跟那個討厭的傢夥混在一起 ?
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484
excuse noun
⇨ reasonexcuse verb
⇨ exempt (be excused from giving evidence) ⇨ forgive (excuse the mess)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 3182 COCA: 3484
excuse
Reasons and excuses: reason, excuse, point...
To forgive or excuse: forgive, excuse, let off...
To give a reason or excuse for something: explain, argue, excuse...
To allow something that is not usually allowed: excuse, exempt, stretch...
To give someone permission to do something: permit, allow, approve...

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