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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 607 COCA: 902

firm

Word family 
firm1 /fɜːm $ fɜːrm/ ●●● S1 W1 noun [countableC]
1 COMPANYa business or company, especially a small one 〔尤指小型的〕公司，商行，事務所
electronics/advertising/law etc firm
She works for an electronics firm.
她在一家電子公司工作。
a firm of accountants/solicitors/builders etc
Kevin is with a firm of accountants in Birmingham.
凱文在伯明翰的一家會計師事務所工作。
► see thesaurus at company
n COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + firm
a large/big firm
He is managing director of a large firm.
a small firm
He trained with a small firm in Cardiff.
a medium-sized firm
The law will not effect medium-sized firms with less than 100 employees.
an engineering/building/electronics etc firm
Fred worked for an electronics firm.
a law/accounting/advertising etc firm
She was offered a job with a law firm.
a British/American Swiss etc firm
British firms are competing with a number of foreign companies.
a local firm
The equipment was supplied by a local firm.
a foreign firm
There has been renewed competition from foreign firms.
a family firm
The business grew from a small family firm into a large company.
phrases
a firm of solicitors/accountants/surveyors etc
Ms Shaw is a partner in a firm of solicitors.
verbs
work for a firm
Chris has been working for this firm for nearly 20 years.
join a firm
He joined the firm when he was in his early twenties.
leave a firm
She left the firm in 2007.
a firm employs somebody
The firm employs more than 200 people.
a firm produces something
Our firm produces computer software for the business market.
a firm supplies something
The firm supplies office furniture to local businesses.
Examples from the Corpus
firm• Edward got a job with a firm of accountants in London.• Hanson decided to start his own management consulting firm.• Now his firm has been axed from school duties in Swansea and faces prosecution.• She works for a law firm in Amsterdam.• But while workers in food factories are regularly inspected, sandwiches are often made by small firms and even one-man-bands.• Paid holidays are 25 percent fewer in small firms and only half of this allowance is actually taken.• But what followed was usually at least embarrassing for the firms, and quite often the disclosures provoked international action.• She moved to Federated late last year to help the firm set up a new emerging markets fund.• Harris joined the firm in 1992.• The firm then reimbursed the fund for the $ 200,000 it had received from the fund for legal costs.• When defaults proliferate, as they do during and after recessions, the two firms wield enormous clout in financial markets.
a firm of accountants/solicitors/builders etc• It arose out of an action for professional negligence against a firm of accountants, but the person bringing the action went bankrupt.• This raises the question of whether a partnership, such as a firm of accountants, or a corporation can act as arbitrators.• This relates to the forwarding of investors' names to the Inland Revenue by a firm of solicitors.• The leading modern authority of Bridge v Deacons concerned a firm of solicitors in Hong Kong.• What acts may be considered usual for a firm of solicitors will change with the times.• They've hired a firm of solicitors and an investigator to gather evidence.• He went for advice to a firm of solicitors.
Related topics: Currencies
firm2 ●●● S3 W2 adjectiveadj
1  HARDnot completely hard, but not soft, and not easy to bend into a different shape 結實的，堅實的 OPP soft
The sofa cushions are fairly firm.
沙發的坐墊很硬。
a firm green apple
硬的青蘋果
Most doctors recommend sleeping on a firm mattress.
大多數醫生建議睡硬床墊。
► see thesaurus at hard
2  ATTACHstrongly fixed in position, and not likely to move 牢固的，穩固的 SYN secure
Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.
要確保梯子穩固了再爬上去。
A concrete foundation was poured after digging down to firm ground.
挖到堅實的地面後澆水泥地基。
Mount the tanks side by side on a firm base.
把水箱靠在一起放在穩固的底座上。
3  SUREnot likely to change 確定的，堅定的，堅決的
firm conviction/commitment/belief etc
Our client hasn’t reached a firm decision on the matter yet.
我們的客戶在這件事上還未作出最後決定。
Blackpool remains a firm favourite with holidaymakers from Northern Ireland.
布萊克浦仍是北愛爾蘭度假者不變的最愛。
Corey was always a firm believer in prayer.
科裏一直堅信禱告的力量。
They made a firm offer (=offered to pay a particular amount) on the house over the weekend.
周末，他們對那幢房子給出了最終買價。
Diana and Laura have been firm friends (=close friends) since their early teens.
黛安娜和勞拉從十幾歲起一直友情甚笃。
4  DETERMINEDshowing in the way that you behave or speak that you are the person in control and that you are not likely to change your answer, belief etc 〔態度、語氣等〕堅決的
Cal replied with a polite but firm ‘no’.
卡爾很有禮貌但語氣堅決地回答說“不行”。
What this country needs is firm leadership.
這個國家需要的是強有力的領導。
be firm with somebody
You need to be firm with her or she’ll try to take advantage of you.
你對她要強硬，否則她就會欺負你。
► see thesaurus at determined, strict
5  HAND 手a firm grip/hold/grasp etc TIGHTif you have something in a firm grip etc, you are holding it tightly and strongly 緊握，緊緊抓住，牢牢握住
He took a firm grip of my arm and marched me towards the door.
他緊緊抓着我的手臂，快步往門口走去。
a firm handshake
緊緊的握手
Examples from the Corpus
a firm grip/hold/grasp etc• As soon as one does so, its lips close around it, giving it a firm hold.• But at current levels the shares are a firm hold.• Clumps of sturdy weed grew wherever they could take a firm hold.• Usually this happens because the task is too broadly stated to get a firm grasp on it.• I keep a firm grip on my hat and stare into the blustery abyss.• As darkness gains a firmer grip the songbirds fade and the owls start.• It's safe but you need to have a firm grip to cut a 13-amp flex.• Choose a firm hold variant which will keep your style in place during winder weather and light drizzle.
6. take a firm stand/line DETERMINEDto state your opinion clearly and not be persuaded to change it 采取堅定立場
Examples from the Corpus
take a firm stand/line• But the Young King was incapable of taking a firm line.• Handing his keys to the parking valet, he decided that he would take a firm stand.• Stopping short of direction intervention, Carter had taken a firm line.• The decision to take a firm stand comes after local councillors revealed the misery suffered by many of their constituents.• Dauntless decided to take a firm stand in the matter.
7  stand/hold firm CHANGE YOUR MINDto not change your actions or opinions 堅持下去，堅定不移
stand/hold firm against
Jones is urging Christians to stand firm against abortion.
瓊斯力勸基督徒們堅決反對堕胎。
Examples from the Corpus
firm against• Christians have stood firm against a flood of unbelief but have failed to notice its more subtle effects.• On both occasions, Professor Jones stood firm against complaint and censorship.• The compromise was widely viewed as a victory for the president, who had stood firm against Republican demands.
8  a firm hand a strict way of dealing with someone 鐵腕，強硬手段
These children need a firm hand.
這些孩子得嚴加管教。
Examples from the Corpus
need a firm hand• They ... need a firm hand.• Lizzy would need a firm hand after this.
9  money 貨幣PEC [not before noun] if the value of a particular country’s money is firm, it does not fall in value 堅挺的 SYN steady
firm against
The pound is still firm against the dollar.
英鎊對美元依舊堅挺。
—firmly adverbadv
—firmness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
firm• Cook macaroni until tender but still firm.• These exercises are good for making your stomach muscles nice and firm.• Monkfish has a very firm and meaty flesh, so it's easy to use for kebabs.• The cut surface was firm and pale, but with no areas of necrosis.• Buy peaches that are quite firm, as they ripen very quickly indoors.• A dam about a mile upriver from the city held firm during the earthquake.• Emily was polite but firm - her answer was 'no'.• What you need is a firmer mattress.• I find I sleep better on a firm mattress.• The dollar began Friday on a firm note.• a firm red tomato• There was something about the firm set of her body that Jay knew instinctively: she was a survivor.• Winding down I gave a firm strike only to find that I had missed the take, I was gutted.• Leapor is firm that her friend will be happier with a man who is dependable and who lives within his means.• For this recipe you will need six firm tomatoes.• We're going to have to be very firm with her, but still treat her with respect.• You'll just have to be firm with him and tell him he can't have any more money.• The suspension is the same as that used in the Sunny GTi, which makes it firm without being too hard.
a firm base• A shift in the weather pattern, bringing low pressure systems across the Alps in December laid down a firm base.• That hope rests on a firm base.• There is a sort of secret cave under the far bank which must be filled before a firm base can be established.• The capitalist tenant, the concessionaire and so forth will similarly have a firm base in the growing economically petty-bourgeois element.
firm friends• From my angle Edward and I were now firm friends.• He first met Minton in a top-floor club in Wardour Street and they became firm friends.• It was the right decision for us both and we're still firm friends.• It was their second get-together, and the two have now become firm friends.• Many volunteers return many times and become strongly attached to a favourite reserve - and make firm friends.• The girls' parents had held her in high regard and they had become firm friends.• The men have since become firm friends.• They had remained firm friends ever since their first meeting.
be firm with somebody• You must be firm with her.• Tessa sweetie, be firm with him.• He was wearing shorts and an open-necked shirt, and his limbs were firm with muscle and suntanned.• Sometimes, to be firm with people can be more helpful than leaving problems until it is too late.
firm3 verb [transitiveT]
1.PRESSto press down on soil to make it harder or more solid 夯實，壓實〔土壤〕
2 firm something ↔ up phrasal verbphr v 
a) CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYto make arrangements, ideas etc more definite and exact 把〔安排、想法等〕確定下來
We’re hoping to firm up the deal later this month.
我們希望能在這個月晚些時候把這筆買賣確定下來。
b) DSOEXERCISEto make a part of your body have more muscle and less fat by exercising 〔通過鍛煉〕使〔身體〕結實
Examples from the Corpus
firm up• Jean Deleage and Guy Nohra will focus on health science firms.• The market was holding firm and edging up.• She moved with the motion of his hand, her firm stomach undulating up and down.• Now, however, there are worrying signs that the two biggest firms are ganging up on the rest.• The firm took up references on all the candidates interviewed.• Utah's economic planners want aerospace, bio-medical and computing firms to take up the slack.• Suppose a bank agrees to lend to a firm upon demand up to a certain amount.• A small cottage industry of biotechnology firms has sprung up to investigate this, using a variety of methods.
Examples from the Corpus
firm• The researchers are to examine more trees including four more species before they firm up their claims.
From Longman Business Dictionary
firmfirm1 /fɜːmfɜːrm/ noun [countableC]ORGANIZATIONS
a company or business, especially one which is quite small
The eight-volume guide contains entries for 700,000 lawyers and 44,000law firms.
afirm of chartered accountants
The auditing services market is dominated by a small number of large accounting firms.
→ consulting firm → search firm
firmfirm2 verb [intransitiveI, transitiveT]
FINANCE if prices on a financial market firm to a particular level, they rise to that level
firm to
Sales volume hit £53 million as the shares firmed 19p to 126p.
firmfirm3 adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
1firm decisions, judgements, or offers are final and not likely to be changed
The Confederation of British Industry said it was too early to make firm forecasts about demand.
The airline hasfirm orders for 20 Airbus A321 medium-range jets.
2FINANCE stocks, shares, prices etc which are firm have been rising and do not seem likely to fall
The Federal Reserve chairman implied that the US would keepinterest rates firm.
OPEC members needfirm prices to maintain their revenues.
The dollar ended the week on a firm note (=with a steady price).
Origin firm1
(1700-1800) Italian firma “signature”, from Latin firmare “to show to be true”, from firmus; → FIRM2
 firm2
(1300-1400) Old French Latin firmus

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