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lay

Word family 
lay1 /leɪ/ verb → ley
1.the past tense of lie1 lie1的過去式
Examples from the Corpus
lay• She laid $10 on the favorite, Golden Boy.• It does little more than lay a foundation of principles.• She lay against the pillows, her whole body numb.• He lay down against a wall.• He was laid down on brittle pampas grass and then manhandled by the creatures.• Moyers laid his case before the public.• She unfolded the map and laid it on the table.• Hey, I told him to lay off of me in practice.• Before you start packing, lay out all the clothes on the bed.• There had been long weeks when he lay sunk in gloom and introspection.• Farley laid the gun down and surrendered.• He laid the money on the table as they walked out to the stoop.• Turtles lay their eggs on the beach at night.• It was as if a fall lay within her that she wasn't able to make.
Related topics: Birds
lay2 ●●● S1 W2 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp laid /leɪd/)
1  put SB/STH down 把某人/某物放下 [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]PUT to put someone or something down carefully into a flat position 安放，放置 SYN place
He laid his hand on my shoulder.
他把一只手搭在我的肩上。
They laid a wreath at the place where so many people died.
他們在這麽多人喪生的地方放了一個花圈。
Lay the material flat on the table.
把布料平鋪在桌上。
► see thesaurus at put
2  lay bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc PUTto put or fasten bricks, a carpet etc in the correct place, especially on the ground or floor 砌磚/鋪地毯/鋪水泥/鋪設電纜等
The carpet was laid last week.
地毯是上個星期鋪的。
The project involved laying an oil pipeline across the desert.
這個工程包括鋪設一條穿越沙漠的輸油管道。
Examples from the Corpus
lay bricks/carpet/concrete/cables etc• During the week I found work in town painting houses, laying carpets and delivering telephone books.• Compact the base, then lay concrete, using a 1 cement to 5 parts ballast mix.• Trying to raise efficiency and morale without first setting this structure to rights is like trying to lay bricks without mortar.• Why didn't he lay concrete you ask?
3  bird/insect etc 鳥/昆蟲等 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]HBB if a bird, insect etc lays eggs, it produces them from its body 下(蛋)；産(卵)
The flies lay their eggs on decaying meat.
蒼蠅在腐肉上産卵。
A cuckoo is able to lay in a range of different nests.
杜鵑能在許多個不同的鳥巢裏下蛋。
4  table 餐桌 [transitiveT] British EnglishBrEDF to put the cloth, plates, knives, forks etc on a table, ready for a meal 擺放〔餐具〕 SYN set
John was laying the table.
約翰正在擺放餐具。
As she spoke, she was laying him a place at the table.
她一邊說，一邊給他在餐桌上擺放餐具。
5  lay the foundations/groundwork/base to provide the conditions that will make it possible for something to happen or be successful 打基礎
lay the foundations/groundwork/base for
Mandela helped lay the foundations for a new democratic South Africa.
曼德拉爲建立新的民主南非打下了基礎。
It was an invention which laid the foundations of modern radio technology.
這一發明爲現代無線電技術奠定了基礎。
Examples from the Corpus
lay the foundations/groundwork/base• He laid the foundations by cutting one percent off interest rates, scrapping special car tax, and boosting the housing industry.• Because Save the Children want to lay the foundations for a better future.• The defense Monday seemed to lay the groundwork for an argument about damages.• Will took advantage of this opportunity to lay the groundwork for his epitaph.• He said he hoped they had laid the foundations for peace - but admitted obstacles could lie ahead.• Then the elite persuaded the newly elected mayor to appoint a committee to lay the groundwork for redevelopment.• Progress in primary schools has laid the foundations for the drive to raise standards in secondary schools, announced last month.• One of my officials chairs the experts committee that laid the groundwork for this achievement.
6  give information 提供信息 [transitiveT] formalACCUSE to make a statement, give information etc in an official or public way 提出，提交 SYN put
Several proposals have been laid before the committee.
數項建議已提交委員會。
7  lay emphasis/stress on something EMPHASIZE formal to emphasize something because you believe it is very important 強調某事物
a political philosophy that lays great stress on individual responsibility
着重強調個人責任的政治哲學
Examples from the Corpus
lay emphasis/stress on something• She said that her interview had laid stress on personal circumstances rather than experience and qualifications.• In addition to the need for humility, discipline and singleminded devotion in the quest for Truth Gandhi lays stress on prayer.• In the matter of ultimate aesthetic evaluation it laid stress on the intuitive response of the general public.
8  lay a hand/finger on somebody [usually in negatives] to touch someone with the intention of hurting them 對某人動手
I swear I didn’t lay a finger on him.
我發誓我沒有對他動過一根手指頭。
If you lay one hand on me, I’ll scream.
你要是碰我一下，我就要叫了。
Examples from the Corpus
lay a hand/finger on somebody• He wouldn't dare lay a finger on any of us.• The odds are that the young man would not have laid a finger on her, but what if ...?• If she laid a hand on him, what could he do besides run for it?• I lay a hand on his chest and felt him breathe, mile after mile through the Kentucky night.• I laid a hand on his hair.• Some one laid a hand on me.• Stuyvesant responded by laying hands on To bias Feake, who delivered the document, arresting and eventually banishing him.
9  lay something bare/open 
a) to show what something is really like, or stop hiding facts, feelings etc 使某事暴露
Every aspect of their private life has been laid bare.
他們私生活的每一個方面都暴露無遺。
b) to remove the thing that is covering or hiding something else 使某物露出
When the tide goes out, vast stretches of sand are laid bare.
潮水退去，露出大片大片的沙地。
Examples from the Corpus
lay something bare/open• Krushchev laid bare Stalin's crimes.• New bricks were removed, laying bare the old foundations.
10  lay somebody/something open to something RISKto do something that makes it possible for other people to blame you, criticize you etc 使某人/某物受到責備[批評]
lay yourself open to something
By doing that, he laid himself open to ridicule.
他那麽做招來了大家的嘲笑。
Not to have taken action would have laid the department open to charges of negligence.
要是當初這個部門沒有采取行動，肯定會招來玩忽職守罪的指控。
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody/something open to something• Not to have taken action, she said, would have laid her department open to a charge of negligence.• It is not difficult to see how this approach lays itself open to abuse and drastic criticism.• This would amount to a breach of their contract of employment and lay them open to disciplinary proceedings.• If he had said he was acting under his own authority, he would have laid himself open to ridicule.• It is not only those who dismiss the arts as self-indulgent who lay themselves open to such a charge.• Is it something you should do, or do you lay yourself open to terrible legal proceedings?• And he has laid himself wide open to the kind of criticism that will cloak him in a dark shroud of misery.• The Evangelicals have become a powerful influence in the land and this lays them open to the wooing of politicians.
11  lay waste something  (also lay waste to something) formal to destroy or damage something, especially in a war 〔尤指戰爭中〕把某物摧毀[夷爲平地]
The island was laid waste and abandoned.
島上已經變成一片廢墟，荒無人煙。
an attack which laid waste to hundreds of villages
把數百個村莊夷爲平地的一次進攻
12  lay plans/a trap etc PLANto carefully prepare all the details of something 制訂計劃/設圈套等
We are laying plans now in order to be successful in the future.
我們現在作好打算，爲的是將來取得成功。
the best-laid plans (=plans that have been made carefully) 安排周密的計劃，最好的打算
Bad weather can upset even the best-laid travel plans.
天氣不好，再好的旅行計劃也會被打亂。
Examples from the Corpus
lay plans/a trap etc• And the speaker may be totally unaware of laying a trap.• Clare wouldn't put it past Sam to use a rat to lay a trap for her.
13  lay claim to (doing) something to say that something belongs to you or say that you deserve something 聲稱對某物的擁有權；聲稱有權做某事
The town can lay claim to having the oldest theatre in Britain.
這個鎮可以說是擁有英國最古老的劇院。
No one has laid claim to the property.
還沒有人來認領此物。
Examples from the Corpus
lay claim to (doing) something• This latter idea could lay claim to a basis in ideas of collegiality - but only of a limited nature.• Initially these had been one hundred and seventy-five men and twenty-five horses laying claim to an empire of fourteen million.• They seem to lay claim to being purely of the mind's eye, a manifestation of pure objectivity.• I'd guess it also can lay claim to the oldest leader of a still-functioning organisation today.• Dole himself did not expect to lay claim to the title of presumptive nominee until after the March 26 primary in California.• With his victory in Florida officially certified, Bush announced new moves to lay claim to the White House.
14  lay siege to somebody/something 
a) if a group of people lay siege to a place, they try to get control by surrounding it 包圍[圍困]某人/某物
The armies laid siege to Vienna in 1529.
1529年，軍隊圍攻維也納。
b) to do everything you can to get someone to talk to you or notice you 包圍某人〔指企圖跟某人說話或引起注意〕
A group of young men were always at the stage door, trying to lay siege to the girls.
總有一群青年男子聚集在劇場後門，想方設法與那些女孩子搭讪。
Examples from the Corpus
lay siege to somebody/something• After his victory Edward rallied his troops and marched north to lay siege to Calais.• In 476 they laid siege to Eion, which guarded the Strymon bridge.• In June 1176 Richard laid siege to Limoges; after a few days resistance Aimar's citadel capitulated.• In less than two generations, since the Second World War, they have laid siege to the academic world.• He laid siege to the fortress and gradually weakened it to the point of collapse.• Almost ten years had passed since they had first laid siege to the town, and it seemed as strong as ever.• She had laid siege to the typists' room for some minutes before Marshall had persuaded her downstairs.
15  HAVE SEX 發生性行爲get laid informalSEX/HAVE SEX WITH to have sex with someone 與…性交
All he wants to do is go out and get laid.
他一心就想着出去和女人上床。
Examples from the Corpus
get laid• Some guys are just looking to get laid.• A: Yes, San Francisco was the place you came to get laid.• And, of course, the sexiest man iii the world is never gon na get laid.• Guys who want to get laid.• I had eight hours to get laid.• If you can't get loved, get laid.• Marxism can be a way to get rich or get laid.• They came to read Dante, drink wine, sit in the sun and get laid.• I can get laid any day of the week right here at home.
16. lie 平躺 [intransitiveI] spoken to be in a position in which you are flat – some people consider this use to be incorrect 平躺〔有些人認爲此用法錯誤〕 SYN lie
17  risk money 賭錢 [transitiveT] especially British EnglishBrERISK to risk an amount of money on the result of a race, sports game etc 押〔賭注〕；用…打賭 SYN bet
lay something on something
She laid £50 on the favourite, Golden Boy.
她在大熱門賽馬“金童”身上押了50英鎊。
lay money (that)
I’d lay money that he will go on to play for England.
我敢打賭他會繼續爲英格蘭隊效力。
18  lay somebody/something on the line 
a) INSISTto state something, especially a threat, demand, or criticism, in a very clear way 明確表明某事〔尤指威脅、要求或批評〕
Lay it on the line and tell them what’s really been happening.
你就實話實說，把真相告訴他們。
b) (also put somebody/something on the line)RISK to risk losing your life, your job etc, especially in order to help someone 〔尤指爲了幫助别人而〕冒…的風險
I’ve laid myself on the line for him once already.
我已經冒風險幫過他一回了。
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody/something on the line• I laid it on the line.• You give somebody else a chance, and guys lay it on the line for you.• I couldn't blame her; she'd laid things on the line from the start, as I had.• And Moonshake lay theirs on the line. right now; today, not yesterday.
19  lay something at the door of somebody/something  (also lay something at somebody’s door) to blame something or someone for something 把某事歸咎於某人/某事
The continued divisions within the party cannot be laid entirely at his door.
黨内一直存在分歧，不能把責任完全推到他的頭上。
Many illnesses are being laid at the door of stress.
許多疾病被認爲是壓力造成的。
20  lay somebody low 
a) ILLif an illness lays someone low, they are unable to do their normal activities for a period of time 令某人病倒
be laid low with something
She’s been laid low with flu for a week.
她因流感病了一星期。
n Grammar
Lay low is usually passive in this meaning.
b) literaryHIT to make someone fall down, or injure them seriously 把某人擊倒；使某人重傷
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody low• The infection laid her low for a month.
21  lay somebody to rest formal to bury someone after they have died 安葬某人
She was laid to rest beside her husband.
她被安葬在她丈夫身邊。
→ lay/put something to rest at rest1(10)
Examples from the Corpus
lay somebody to rest• At nightfall she was tired and lay down to rest.• Rather it attempted to lay the movement to rest.• We can't even lay him to rest.• Without proof I should really lay the idea to rest.• Then she lay down to rest in the lounge, surrounded by other women who even here never stopped talking.• She was laid to rest next to her husband, who died in 1993.• She took the pills and lay down to rest with her eyes closed.
22. lay the ghost (of something) GET RID OFto finally stop being worried or upset by something from the past 擺脫(某事的)陰影
Examples from the Corpus
lay the ghost (of something)• Max So-you've laid the ghost.
→ lay your hands on something at hand1(18), → lay the blame on somebody/something at blame2, → put/lay your cards on the table at card1(13)
5 GRAMMAR 語法: lay, lie
The verb lay always has an object, except in sense 3. Its basic meaning is ‘put something down on something’. 除義項3之外，動詞lay均需有一個賓語。 其基本義爲 “放置(某物)”
She lays a silk cloth over the table.
她將一塊真絲台布鋪在桌上 。
The verb lie does not have an object. Its basic meaning is ‘be or get into a horizontal position somewhere’. 動詞lie不帶賓語。 其基本義爲 “平放在某處”
She was lying (NOT 不說 laying) on her back.
她仰卧着。
Lie down here for a while.
在這兒躺一會兒。
Lay is also the past tense of lie. lay也是lie的過去式
I lay on the bed and tried to relax.
我躺在床上，想放鬆一下。
The past tense of lay is laid. lay的過去式是 laid
She laid the baby on the bed.
她把寶寶放到床上。
n GRAMMAR: Comparison
lay
You lay something somewhere:
She lays a lace cloth over the table.
✗Don’t say: She lies a lace cloth over the table.
You lay someone somewhere:
Lay him down gently.
Lay is also the past tense of lie:
I lay on the bed.
✗Don’t say: I laid on the bed.
lie
Someone lies somewhere:
She was lying on her back.
Let’s just lie here for a while.
✗Don’t say:
She was laying on her back. | Let’s just lay here for a while.
The past tense of lie is laid:
She laid the baby in its cot.
✗Don’t say: She lay the baby in its cot.
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
lay• It does little more than lay a foundation of principles.• She lay against the pillows, her whole body numb.• He lay down against a wall.• He was laid down on brittle pampas grass and then manhandled by the creatures.• Hey, I told him to lay off of me in practice.• He laid the money on the table as they walked out to the stoop.• It was as if a fall lay within her that she wasn't able to make.
Lay ... flat• Maude took a scat at the end of the table and laid her hands flat on the dark mahogany.• Melanie was waiting by the Transit holding two sleeping-bags, the sort that you can unzip and lay flat.• There was more scrub there, but not enough for anyone to hide, unless they lay flat.• She spread out her towel and lay flat, adjusting her sunglasses against the glare above.• Spread the sail and lay it flat as possible with the underside uppermost.• Amazingly, she slipped into a gap between the tracks and lay flat as the Intercity 125 rumbled over her.• The wick lay almost flat in a perilously small amount of wax.• They lay flat, under fire.
lay ... eggs• Adults grow to varying sizes, depending on food available, and lay eggs in late summer.• They lay their eggs in midwinter, incubating their eggs and chicks through many blizzards.• Instead, it lays its eggs in nests of other birds, and depends on others to hatch and raise its young.• And they mate, laying their eggs in the shallow tepid pools.• In the Nematoda, the sexes are separate and the males are generally smaller than the females which lay eggs or larvae.• She was laying her eggs; the drones were feeding her.• These females do not lay eggs; they give birth to young aphids, all of which are females.• They will come flying up against the wind and lay their eggs, which will soon turn into white grubs.
laying the table• But when she turned round, he was laying the table.• Thérèse and Léonie were laying the table.• In the kitchen Anne and Millie are laying the table for dinner, talking seriously.• Molly went on laying the table, placing knives and forks neatly as though her sanity depended on it.
lay money (that)• It was the talking point of the station, she would lay money on that.
Related topics: Christianity
lay3 ●○○ adjectiveadj [only before noun]
1 
a) NOT KNOWnot trained or not knowing much about a particular profession or subject 非專業的，外行的 → layman
lay witnesses
普通證人，非專家證人
b) RRCRELIGIONnot in an official position in the church 非神職的，世俗的
a lay preacher
俗世的傳道人，平信徒傳道人
Examples from the Corpus
lay• On the other hand, there is the lay congregation, to whom biblical scholarship is totally unknown territory.• The churches were bereft of most of their clergy and many of their most able lay members.• a lay minister• At the same time, Louis summoned a series of assemblies involving both bishops and lay nobles.• To the lay observer, these technical terms are incomprehensible.• The worship incorporates dreams, healing, trances, and a high degree of lay participation.• In contrast, many elders - leading lay people - are politically more conservative.• With his dark good looks and meticulous personal style, he made a lasting, if rather forbidding impression on lay people.• A non-conformist lay preacher, he fought the November byelection.
Related topics: Literature
lay4 noun [countableC]
1  the lay of the land 
a) HAPPENthe situation that exists at a particular time 〔特定時候的〕形勢，情況
Get the lay of the land before you make any decisions.
先了解情況再作決定。
b) APPEARANCEthe appearance of an area of land, for example the way it slopes 地形，地貌
Examples from the Corpus
the lay of the land• He's got to get the lay of the land before he makes any decisions.• A lot of people, especially those new to the city, have no concept of the lay of the land.
2  the lay of something the appearance of something and where each part of it is 某事物的外部情況
Mr. Lowe will give you the lay of the camp and tell you what we’re going to be doing.
洛先生會給你介紹營地的情況，告訴你我們要做些什麽。
Examples from the Corpus
the lay of something• Failure to recognise slopes until committed to landing Make a point of looking for the lay of the surrounding countryside.• It was therefore an important moment when Tolkien gave Lewis the Lay of Leithian to read in manuscript.• A lot of people, especially those new to the city, have no concept of the lay of the land.
3. be a good/quick/easy etc lay informalSEX/HAVE SEX WITH to be a good, quick etc person to have sex with 是個淫蕩的人
Examples from the Corpus
be a good/quick/easy etc lay• I don't deny it was a good lay.
4. literaryAL a poem or song 詩；歌
Examples from the Corpus
lay• And the great lays - you can learn them, meantime.• Failure to recognise slopes until committed to landing Make a point of looking for the lay of the surrounding countryside.
From Longman Business Dictionary
laylay /leɪ/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp laid)
→ lay somebody → off
→ lay something → out
Origin lay3
(1300-1400) Old French lai, from Late Latin laicus, from Greek laikos “of the people”, from laos “people”
 lay4
1. (1800-1900) LAY1
2. (1200-1300) Old French lai

See also: lie

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