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break

Word family 
ldoce_037_fbreak1 /breɪk/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tensepst broke /brəʊk $ broʊk/, past participlepp broken /ˈbrəʊkən $ ˈbroʊ-/) → brake
1  IN PIECESseparate into pieces 破碎
a) [transitiveT]BREAK if you break something, you make it separate into two or more pieces, for example by hitting it, dropping it, or bending it 使破裂，使破碎；使斷裂
I had to break a window to get into the house.
我只得打破一扇窗戶進屋。
Don’t lean on the fence like that – you’ll break it!
不要那樣靠在籬笆上——會把它弄斷的！
break something in half/two
He broke the biscuit in half and handed one piece to me.
他把餅幹掰成兩半，遞了一塊給我。
Break the chocolate into small pieces and melt it over a gentle heat.
把巧克力破成小塊，放在文火上化開。
b) [intransitiveI]BREAK if something breaks, it separates into two or more pieces 破裂，破碎；斷裂
He kept pulling at the rope until it broke.
他一直拉到繩子，直到把它拉斷。
The frames are made of plastic and they tend to break quite easily.
這些框架是塑料做的，很容易碎裂。
2  PART OF YOUR BODYbones 骨頭 [transitiveT]BREAK to damage a bone in your body by making it crack or split 使骨折
She fell downstairs and broke her hip.
她從樓梯上摔下來，髋部骨折。
► see thesaurus at hurt
3  NOT WORKINGmachines 機器
a) [transitiveT]BREAK to damage a machine so that it does not work properly 弄壞，損壞〔機器〕
Don’t mess about with my camera – you’ll break it.
别亂動我的照相機，你會把它弄壞的。
Someone’s broken the TV.
有人把電視機弄壞了。
b) [intransitiveI]BREAK if a machine breaks, it stops working properly 〔機器〕損壞，失靈
The washing machine’s broken again.
洗衣機又壞了。
4  RULE/LAW ETCrules/laws 規定/法律 [transitiveT]DISOBEY to disobey a rule or law 不遵守，違犯
They’re breaking the law by employing such young children.
他們僱用這麽小的孩子是違法的。
If you break the rules, you will be punished.
違反規定要受到懲罰。
The cameras catch motorists who break the speed limit.
攝像頭會拍下超速的司機。
5  PROMISE/AGREEMENTpromise/agreement 諾言/協議 [transitiveT]NOT DO something to not do something that you have promised to do or signed an agreement to do 違反，違背〔諾言或協議〕
I never break my promises.
我從不食言。
You betrayed me. You broke your word.
你出賣了我，你說話不算數。
break an agreement/contract
He was worried that he might be breaking his contract.
他擔心自己可能會違約。
6  stop/rest 停下來/休息 [intransitiveI] to stop for a short time in order to have a rest or eat something 稍停，休息
break for
Shall we break for lunch now?
我們現在停下來吃午飯好嗎？
7  END A SITUATIONend STH 結束某事物 [transitiveT]CHANGE/MAKE something DIFFERENT to stop something from continuing 打斷，中斷
We need to break the cycle of poverty and crime in the inner cities.
我們需要打破舊城區裏貧困和犯罪的惡性循環。
We took turns driving, in order to try and break the monotony.
我們輪流開車，免得乏味。
New talks will begin on Monday in an effort to break the deadlock.
爲打破僵局，星期一將重啓會談。
8  FAILdefeat SB 打垮某人 [transitiveT] to make someone feel that they have been completely defeated and they cannot continue working or living 打垮，擊垮
Losing his business nearly broke him.
生意虧本幾乎將他擊垮。
I won’t give in. I won’t be broken by him.
我決不服輸，我不會被他擊垮的。
9  destroy an organization 摧毀一個組織 [transitiveT] to damage an organization so badly that it no longer has any power 摧毀，瓦解〔組織〕
The government succeeded in breaking the unions.
政府成功地瓦解了工會。
10  DAY/DAWNday/dawn 白晝/黎明 [intransitiveI]HAPPEN when the day or the dawn breaks, the sky gets light （天）剛亮，破曉
Dawn was breaking by the time we arrived home.
我們到家的時候天蒙蒙亮。
11  STORMstorm 暴風雨 [intransitiveI]START TO HAPPEN, EXIST ETC if a storm breaks, it begins 〔暴風雨〕來臨，突然出現
We were keen to get back to the hotel before the storm broke.
我們急於趕在暴風雨來臨之前回到賓館。
12  WEATHERweather 天氣 [intransitiveI]CHANGE/BECOME DIFFERENT if the weather breaks, it suddenly changes and becomes cold or wet 〔天氣〕突然變化
The following day the weather broke and we had ten days of solid rain.
第二天天氣突變，一連下了十天的雨。
13  WAVEwaves 波浪 [intransitiveI]FALL when waves break, they fall onto the land at the edge of the water 〔波浪〕迸濺，拍岸
We sat and watched the waves breaking on the shore.
我們坐着看波濤拍擊海岸。
14  VOICESB’s voice 某人的嗓音 [intransitiveI]LOW SOUND OR VOICE
a) when a boy’s voice breaks, it becomes lower and starts to sound like a man’s voice 〔男孩子嗓音〕變粗；變聲
He was fifteen, and his voice was just beginning to break.
他15歲，正開始變聲。
b) if your voice breaks, it does not sound smooth because you are feeling strong emotions 〔嗓音因激動而〕變調
Her voice broke as she told us what had happened.
她向我們訴說發生的一切時，聲音都變了。
15  NEWSnews 消息
a) [intransitiveI]NEWS if news about an important event breaks, it becomes known 〔消息〕傳開
News of his resignation broke yesterday.
昨天傳出了他辭職的消息。
The minister has refused to give any interviews since the scandal broke.
自從醜聞傳出以後，部長就拒絕接受采訪。
b) [transitiveT] if you break unpleasant news to someone, you tell it to them 告訴〔某人不愉快的消息〕
I didn’t know how I was going to break the news to my mother.
我不知道該怎樣把這個消息告訴母親。
The doctor finally broke it to me that there was no cure.
醫生最後終於和我明說，這個病沒法治愈。
16  break a habit STOP DOING somethingto stop doing something that you do regularly, especially something that you should not do 改掉某習慣〔尤指壞習慣〕
a new drug which helps smokers to break their habit
幫助吸煙者戒煙的一種新藥
Examples from the Corpus
break a habit• I'd once helped her break a habit.• These three actions are vastly superior to breaking a habit by will-power alone.• It is important to understand that we are breaking a habit, for we have been conditioned to react in this way.
17  break a record BESTto do something even faster or even better than the previous best time, amount etc 破記錄
an attempt to break the 10,000-metres world record
打破10,000米世界記錄的努力
Examples from the Corpus
break a record• The 18-year-old with size 18 feet just can't stop breaking records.• Instead of watching the scoreboard this week for broken records, the play-by-play announcer is watching the thermometer.• Eventually, human champions will stop breaking records too.• I said, Listen, man, the broken record was pressed by somebody else, not me.
18  break a journey British EnglishBrE to stop somewhere for a short time during a long journey 中途停留
We decided to break our journey in Oxford.
我們決定中途在牛津停留。
19  break somebody’s heart to make someone very unhappy by ending a relationship with them or doing something that upsets them a lot 使某人傷心[心碎]
He broke my heart when he left me.
他離開我時，我的心都碎了。
It’ll break your father’s heart if you tell him you’re giving up college.
如果你告訴父親你不上大學了，他會很傷心的。
Examples from the Corpus
break somebody’s heart• When Annie left him, it broke his heart.• It'll break your father's heart if you tell him you're quitting the team.• It breaks my heart that his career has been ruined.• It would break her heart to leave the lovely old stone house where she'd lived for so long.• It really broke his heart when she told him it was over.
20  break a strike BELSTOP WORKING/GO ON STRIKEto force workers to end a strike 迫使罷工結束
The government has threatened to bring in the army to break the 10-month-old strike.
政府威脅要調派軍隊來結束這場歷時十個月的罷工。
Examples from the Corpus
break a strike• The company has threatened to hire 700 new workers in order to break the 10-month-old strike.
21  break a link/tie/connection STOP DOING somethingto end a relationship with a person or organization 斷絕關系
The US has now broken all diplomatic links with the regime.
美國現已和這個政權斷絕了所有外交關系。
Sometimes it is necessary to break family ties in order to protect the child.
有時候爲了保護孩子，必須切斷他和家人的聯系。
Examples from the Corpus
break a link/tie/connection• Mr Eastwood argues it would break ties with local communities.• Personnel changes confirmed the new liberalism in the Soviet Union and the attempt to break links with past behaviour.
22  break the skin BREAKto cut the skin on your body 割傷皮膚，撕開皮膚
Their teeth are sharp enough to break the skin.
它們牙齒鋒利，足以咬破皮膚。
Examples from the Corpus
break the skin• Marvin gave me a smart kick under the table, nearly breaking the skin on my shin.
23  break the back of something FINISH DOING somethingto finish the main or worst part of something 完成某事物的主要部分；攻克某事物的難關
I think we’ve broken the back of the job now.
我想我們現在已經把這工作最難的部分完成了。
Examples from the Corpus
break the back of something• It would have been nice for him to wind things up by breaking the back of Britain's opposition to integration.• Their thunderous charges have broken the back of many an invading army.• In Czechoslovakia last March Martin Keown nearly broke the back of the net with a long-range effort.• His two interceptions Sunday broke the back of the Pittsburgh Steelers as Dallas won the duel in the desert, 27-17.• A combination of ground and air action broke the back of the rebellion.• Pouring over its latest simulation runs, Sun is confident it has broken the back of the technical problem.
24  break the bank to cost a lot of money, or more money than you have 花很多錢；透支
A new hard drive doesn’t have to break the bank.
一個新的硬盤驅動器要不了多少錢。
Examples from the Corpus
break the bank• Attractive bathrooms need not break the bank.• I had no choice under the circumstances, and the fees won't exactly break the bank.• Shakespeare market a very good one through tackle dealers at a price that will not break the bank.• Should Johnson return to the Dolphins, he will break the bank.• At under £14,500 it won't break the bank either.• Don't worry about breaking the bank either.• I would like to gather everyone somewhere warm and appealing to all ages and not break the bank in doing so.• Last year, Courtney broke the bank with seven out of eight predictions panning out.
25  break somebody’s concentration INTERRUPTto interrupt someone and stop them from being able to continue thinking or talking about something 分散某人的注意力
The slightest sound would break his concentration.
稍有一點動靜就會分散他的注意力。
Examples from the Corpus
break somebody’s concentration• I never listen to music when I'm working - it breaks my concentration.
26  break the silence TALK TO somebodyLOUD/NOISYto end a period of silence by talking or making a noise 打破寂靜[沉默]
The silence was broken by a loud scream.
一聲尖叫打破了寂靜。
Examples from the Corpus
break the silence• Finally Shelley felt she had to break the silence.• Only the eerie tinkle of leg irons and shouted commands break the silence.• Protestant voices now and then broke the silence.• She would have to think of something to say in a minute to break the silence.• The roar of a furnace engine broke the silence.• The sound of stockinged legs moving across the room finally broke the silence.• A footstep broke the silence and approached to within ten paces of Blackburn and waited.• The only sound to break the silence of the night was the soft mutter of my engine.
27  break somebody’s spirit FORCE somebody TO DO somethingto destroy someone’s feeling of determination 摧毀某人的意志，挫某人的銳氣
They could not break her spirit.
他們摧毀不了她的意志。
The spirit of our soldiers will never be broken.
我們戰士的意志永遠不會被摧垮。
28  break somebody’s power to take away someone’s position of power or control 削弱某人的權力
At last the power of the Church had been broken.
最後，教會的權力終於被削弱了。
29  break the ice informal to make people feel more friendly and willing to talk to each other 打破冷場[僵局]
Sam’s arrival broke the ice and people began to talk and laugh.
薩姆的到來打破了沉默，大家開始又說又笑起來。
Examples from the Corpus
break the ice• That always seems to happen when you break the ice.• This gambit nevertheless breaks the ice, and they begin by discussing the merits of various brands of scotch.• Humour Humour can be an excellent behaviour for easing tensions and breaking the ice between people.• I tried to break the ice by offering her a drink, but she said no.• In the winter, she rose early to break the ice in the washing bowls.• To break the ice, the dorm leader asked us to tell the group what our favorite home-cooked meal was.• She helps break the ice when I am interviewing.• We broke the ice which held our relations in a paralysing grip.• I have to break the ice with a long pole before I can lower a bucket into water.
30  break a code to succeed in understanding something that is written in a secret way 破譯密碼
Scientists worked day and night to break the code.
爲了破譯密碼，科學家們日夜工作。
Examples from the Corpus
break a code• It broke a code of silence.• Mathematicians of the finest calibre were essential for what then seemed the almost impossible task of breaking a code with astronomical permutations.
31. break wind HBHto allow gas to escape from your bottom, making a noise and an unpleasant smell 放屁
Examples from the Corpus
break wind• Lifting up one of his legs he broke wind loudly, causing Sarah to purse her lips.• The boy might break wind or say a naughty word and forfeit the protection of that great white spirit.
32  break (somebody’s) serve DSTto win a game in tennis when your opponent is starting the game by hitting the ball first 〔網球中〕破（某人的）發球（局）得分
Hewitt broke serve twice in the second set.
休伊特在第二盤中兩次破對方發球局得分。
Examples from the Corpus
break (somebody’s) serve• There was a point where I broke her serve for 5-5.• He gave Edberg no chance of breaking him, serving four stunning aces and a massive percentage of first services.• No surprise breaks of serve, no marathon games.• But once she had consolidated the break and served out for the set she was unable to summon the same assertiveness.
33. break a leg spoken used to wish someone luck, especially just before they perform on stage 祝你成功，祝你好運〔尤用於在某人上台表演前〕
n Grammar
Break belongs to a group of verbs where the same noun can be the subject of the verb or its object.
You can say:
I broke a glass.
In this sentence, ‘a glass’ is the object of break.
You can also say:
A glass broke.
In this sentence, ‘a glass’ is the subject of break.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 5: to not do something that you have promised to do or signed an agreement to do
break + NOUN
break your promise
I’ll never forgive him for breaking his promise to me.
break your word (=break your promise)
I’ve promised to do it and I never break my word.
break your vow (=break a serious or formal promise)
He accused her of breaking her marriage vows.
break (off) your engagement
In the end she decided to break their engagement.
break a contract
He took the company to court for breaking the contract.
break an agreement
This action broke the international agreement of 1925.
 THESAURUS
to break something 打破某物
break verb [transitiveT] to damage something and make it separate into pieces, for example by dropping it or hitting it 使破裂，打碎
Careful you don’t break the chair.
小心别把椅子弄壞。
He broke his leg.
他的腿摔斷了。
smash verb [transitiveT] to break something with a lot of force 〔猛力〕打碎，砸碎
A policeman smashed his camera.
一名警察砸碎了他的照相機。
snap verb [transitiveT] to break something into two pieces, making a loud noise – used especially about long thin objects 啪地折斷〔尤用於指細長的物體〕
He snapped the sticks in two.
他啪的一聲折斷了枝條。
split verb [transitiveT] to separate something into two pieces along a straight line 使分成兩半
Using a sharp knife, split the melon in half.
用快刀把瓜切成兩半。
fracture verb [transitiveT] to damage a bone, especially so that a line appears on the surface 使斷裂，使折斷〔尤指骨骼等表面有裂痕〕
I fell over and fractured my wrist.
我摔倒了，手腕骨折。
tear /teə $ ter/ verb [transitiveT] to damage paper or cloth by pulling it so that it separates into pieces 撕破〔紙或布料〕
She tore up the letter and put it in the bin.
她把信撕碎後扔進了垃圾筒。
I tore my jacket.
我把外套給扯破了。
to become broken 被打碎
break verb [intransitiveI] to become damaged and separate into pieces 破裂，碎裂
Plastic breaks quite easily.
塑料很容易碎裂。
smash verb [intransitiveI] to break after being hit with a lot of force 〔遭猛擊而〕粉碎
The bowl smashed as it hit the floor.
碗打在地上摔碎了。
shatter verb [intransitiveI] to break into a lot of small pieces 粉碎
The glass shattered all over the pavement.
玻璃在人行道上碎得到處都是。
crack verb [intransitiveI] if something cracks, a line appears on the surface, which means that it could later break into separate pieces 裂開；出現裂紋
The ice was starting to crack.
冰開始裂了。
burst verb [intransitiveI] if a tyre, balloon, pipe etc bursts, it gets a hole and air or liquid suddenly comes out of it 〔輪胎、氣球、管道等〕破裂，爆裂
She blew up the balloon until it burst.
她吹着氣球，直到把它吹爆。
split verb [intransitiveI] to break in a straight line 〔沿直線〕裂開
The damp had caused the wood to split.
因爲潮濕，木頭開裂了。
crumble verb [intransitiveI] to break into a powder or a lot of small pieces 碎裂，崩裂〔成粉末或碎屑〕
The cork just crumbled in my hand.
軟木塞就在我手中碎裂了。
 PHRASAL VERBS
Examples from the Corpus
break• I think I was about 14 when my voice broke.• I think the switch is broken.• My watchband has broken.• She dropped a plate and it broke.• Do not use this product if the seal has been broken.• I saw him thrown into the shattered windshield, bounced around inside the Volvo, his face slashed and his bones broken.• Farmers are anxious for the cold weather to break.• He once broke a window of his grandfather's greenhouse with a football.• Her voice breaks as she talks about her missing children.• Britain stood for political ideals that must prevail if western civilization were not to break down.• Careful, those glasses break easily.• She fell off her bike and broke her glasses.• It was such bad luck - it was our first time skiing and Nicola broke her leg.• It just broke. I didn't even touch it!• His nose was broken in two places by a player he had sent off for violent play.• If you break it you'll have to pay for it out of your allowance.• Leave that clock alone - you'll break it!• One of the kids put some rocks in the blender and broke it.• I was trying to ease the wagon down a short slope when it broke loose and almost broke my leg.• I broke my leg last time I went skiing.• I'll let you break next game.• From time to time he broke off his labours to return to the great court to look out for Tutilo returning.• I broke one of her platters once, and I swear she's never forgiven me.• How did you manage to break the microwave?• I don't know what she did, but she managed to break the sewing machine.• Only once did Norwich break their stranglehold, midway through the first-half, when John Polston moved up to rattle a post.
break something in half/two• The midsection of the plane is broken nearly in two.• He would have broken it in two and made us watch him do it.• She takes out another donut, breaks it in half and offers it to me.• So he went at me, but I ducked and he hit the shelf - he broke his thumb in two places!• Terrified, she threw herself from the first floor apartment window, breaking her spine in two places.• Once some increasing-returns sectors become nontraded, the analysis breaks down in two ways.• He could have broken me in two with one hand, but he could not break my spirit.
break ... rules• He knew he was breaking the rules.• Telling the truth about mothering-when it does not refer to the oneness and bliss-means breaking the rules.• This raises the question of who is responsible if the individual trader breaks the rules.• If only he knew you never break the rules Dudley Do-Right.• Yet even then, as whenever she broke the rules, I had to admit to a tiny bubble of delight.• Very slowly, I realize I can break the rules I hate.• To misuse or break the rules of winking is to produce misunderstanding, puzzlement, complaint, or some other social reaction.• Athletes can be find thousands of dollars for breaking the rules on steroid use.• As I said, you can break the rules sometimes.• Any student caught breaking the school rules was immediately sent to the Principal.
break an agreement/contract• And I am also not some one to break contracts.• Farmers say supermarkets put them under pressure to sell at rock bottom prices-and regularly break contracts.• How can a teacher break a contract?• What are the legal consequences of breaking a contract?• Thus an agreement to break a contract may not be actionable.• He broke agreements on a whim, relying on private bargains and connections.• Companies are not regarded as individuals under the Act and are therefore unable to break contracts once signed.• Of course, a teacher who breaks a contract will also be liable to the school; district.
break for• Things could improve as the effects of a tax break for defense manufacturers become evident.• As they break for food the general conversation isn't much toned down for her benefit.• A couple of them made a break for it.• Ever see some one walk into a computer store, grab a floor model and make a break for it?• I pulled Susan, and made a break for it.• As the inquest broke for lunch one relative cornered him in the street.• In August, they will break for the presidential conventions.• It was make or break for us.
break ... deadlock• But Mr Razali is the first envoy to successfully break the deadlock.• But, last week, news broke that contacts were under way to break the deadlock.• Marco Van Basten grabbed his fourth goal of the season, 12 minutes after Daniele Massaro had broken the deadlock.• Senior officials will meet again in October in an attempt to break the deadlock.• Then, at last, Guido broke the deadlock.• Three minutes before the interval Millen struck to break the deadlock and Love made it two a minute later.• Perhaps here was the key to break the deadlock, the key to the throne of the Wyrmberg.• But birthday boy Wright was waiting to break the deadlock with the goal he had been seeking all night.
break ... news• Davis found that the greater the probable handicap, the greater the reluctance to break the news.• Me: How did you break the news?• None wanted to be the one to break the news.• In a desperate attempt to break the news gently to the Overs, Mr Cronje asked police not to visit their home.• They rang from the duty office to break the news to me just after nine.• It was at some point during this trip that she broke the news to Sam.• I broke the news to some people.• Sir Bryan himself had broken the news to Stephen Bonnard.
Related topics: Tennis, Baseball
break2 ●●● S2 W2 noun
1  stop working 停止工作 [countableC] a period of time when you stop working in order to rest, eat etc 休息
We’ll have a short break for lunch, then start again at two o'clock.
我們稍微休息一下吃午飯，兩點鐘再開始。
Let’s take a ten-minute break.
我們休息十分鐘吧。
We’d worked for ten hours without a break.
我們已經連續工作十小時了。
I’ll go shopping during my lunch break.
我在午休時間去買點東西。
→5  See picture of smash 打碎, snap 折斷, split 劈開, shatter 砸碎 →4  See picture of 見圖 break
2  stop doing STH 停止做某事 [countableC] a period of time when you stop doing something before you start again 中斷，暫停
break from
I wanted a break from university life.
我想暫時從大學裏休學。
She decided to take a career break when she had children.
她有了孩子，決定暫時放下工作。
break in
a welcome break in my normal routine
使我暫時擺脫平常生活的好機會
3  holiday 假期 [countableC] a short holiday 短暫的假期，休假
I was beginning to feel that I needed a break.
我開始覺得自己需要休假了。
We flew off for a week’s break in Spain.
我們飛往西班牙度假一個星期。
They’re offering weekend breaks in Paris for only £100.
他們正在推出周末巴黎遊，只要100英鎊。
the Easter/Christmas etc break
Are you looking forward to the summer break?
你期待放暑假嗎？
4  at school 在學校裏 [uncountableU] the time during the school day when classes stop and teachers and students can rest, eat, play etc 課間休息
at break
I’ll speak to you at break.
課間休息的時候我再找你談。
They get together with their friends at break time.
課間休息的時候他們就和朋友聚在一起。
5  on tv 在電視上 [countableC] a pause for advertisements during a television or radio programme 〔電視或廣播節目中的〕廣告時間
Join us again after the break.
廣告之後請繼續收看。
We’ll be back with more after a short break.
一小段廣告之後精彩繼續。
6  STH stops happening 某事停止發生 [countableC] a period of time when something stops happening before it starts again 暫停，中止
break in
We’ll go for a walk if there’s a break in the rain.
雨停了我們就去散散步。
Latecomers will be admitted at a suitable break in the performance.
遲到者須等演出中途適當的間歇方可入場。
She waited for a break in the conversation.
她等着談話暫停。
There was no sign of a break in the weather (=an improvement in bad weather).
天氣沒有好轉的迹象。
7  END/CHANGEend a relationship 結束關系 [singular]FINISH/COME TO AN END a time when you leave a person or group, or end a relationship with someone 結束，斷絕
I wanted a clean break so that I could restart my life.
我想徹底了斷，開始新的生活。
It was years before I plucked up enough courage to make the break and leave him.
多年以後我才鼓足勇氣分手，離開了他。
break with
He was beginning to regret his break with the Labour Party.
他開始後悔脫離工黨。
8  A SPACEspace/hole 空間/洞 [countableC]SPACE/GAP a space or hole in something 裂口，缺口，裂縫
break in
We crawled through a break in the hedge.
我們從樹籬的一個缺口爬了過去。
The sun shone through a break in the clouds.
太陽光透過雲層的縫隙照射下來。
9  A CHANCEchance 機會 [countableC] informalCHANCE/OPPORTUNITY a sudden or unexpected chance to do something that allows you to become successful in your job 〔意想不到的〕機會，機遇
There are hundreds of young musicians out there looking for their first break.
有許許多多的年輕音樂人在尋找嶄露頭角的機會。
He got his first big break in 1998.
1998年他得到了第一次大好機會。
a lucky break
好運氣
10  BROKEN PLACEbones 骨頭 [countableC]INJURE the place where a bone in your body has broken 骨折
It’s quite a bad break, which will take several months to heal.
骨折很嚴重，需要好幾個月才能痊愈。
11  TENNIStennis 網球 [countableC]DST a situation in a game of tennis in which you win a game when your opponent is starting the game by hitting the ball first 破發，破發球局得分
She really needs a break of serve now if she wants to win this match.
如果她要打赢這場比賽，現在非得破掉對方發球局才行。
12. POINTSsnooker 斯諾克 [countableC]DSB the number of points that a player wins when it is their turn to hit the ball in a game such as snooker 連擊所得的分數
13  break with tradition/the past a time when people stop following old customs and do something in a completely different way 與傳統/過去的決裂
It is time for a complete break with the past.
是時候徹底告别過去了。
Examples from the Corpus
break with tradition/the past• Although people complained about the volume, the rhythmic concept represented his biggest break with the past.• However, the changes were not a complete break with the past.• She has broken with the past.• Yet the plan represents an important break with the past.• Can the break with the past be more vividly described?• Would there be a total break with the past?• Thinking they were breaking with the past, the early Christians re-enacted it.• After a point, you break with the past.
14  make a break for something ESCAPEto suddenly start running towards something in order to escape from a place 〔爲了逃跑〕突然沖向某地
As soon as the guard’s back was turned, they made a break for the door.
警衛一轉身，他們就趕快向門口跑去。
Two of the prisoners made a break for it but were soon recaptured.
兩名囚犯越獄逃跑，但是很快就被抓了回來。
Examples from the Corpus
made a break for it• I pulled Susan, and made a break for it.• After the police fired tear gas, one hostage made a break for it.• A couple of them made a break for it.
15. give me/it a break! spokenSTOP DOING something used when you want someone to stop doing or saying something that is annoying you 别煩我！
16  give somebody a break spoken to stop being strict with someone so that a situation becomes easier for them 給某人一次機會，不苛求某人
Give the kid a break. It’s only his second day on the job.
放過這小夥子吧，他幹這活才第二天呢。
Examples from the Corpus
give somebody a break• Give me a break, you guys! I can't get the money until Friday.• Instead of using your train time to read two more interoffice memos, give yourself a break and read something for fun.• If the assurances were not given or subsequently broken, the firm could be taken to court.• It hadn't been difficult for Bill to accede to his wife's nagging to give the girl a break.• That is, if anyone can be persuaded to give Mr Chekhov a break.• But the council refused to give them a break.• Expanded IRAs for this higher-income group will give costly tax breaks to people who are already saving for retirement.
17. the break of day literaryEARLY the time early in the morning when it starts getting light 黎明，拂曉
Examples from the Corpus
the break of day• Old blackout curtains staunch the break of day.
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
have/take a break
After two hours, she took a break and switched on the radio.
need a break
I’m sorry, I can’t do any more - I need a break.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + break
a short/quick break
Shall we have a quick five-minute break?
a lunch break
What time’s your lunch break?
a coffee/tea break
How about a coffee break?
a morning/afternoon break
I don’t usually have time for a morning break.
a well-earned break (=one that you deserve)
Everyone’s looking forward to a well-earned break when the exams are over.
Examples from the Corpus
break• There had been barely a break in their conversation as they hopped the rocks.• I spoke to him briefly during a break in rehearsals.• Gary wants to work in television. He's just waiting for a break.• Some agencies are particularly keen to attract nurses who have had a break in practice and provide reorientation for new staff.• After finishing school, Craig felt he needed a break from studying.• Gonzales needs a break of serve to even the match up.• Can you take a break next month?• There was a break of two years between his last book and this one.• Some new networks can heal themselves when a break occurs, without any involvement from a repairman.• Harry had worked for eight hours without a break.• Could you come and see me during afternoon break?• Come and see me at break, Tom.• Nimoy's big break in television came in the mid-'60s, when he won the role of Spock on "Star Trek."• The students get a few days' break in February.• Seeing that advertisement in the paper was a lucky break for me.• Superior Court Judge Hiroshi Fujisaki abruptly called for an early lunch break.• I'll phone you in my lunch break.• The children have a fifteen-minute break at 11 o'clock.• She returned to her job after a six-month break.• Daytona Beach is preparing for the thousands of college students who will arrive for spring break.• OK, let's run through it again straight after the break.• But when one came it was on the break, Tovalieri getting Bari's third.• The break has not healed correctly.• During those breaks tea was brewed over Bunsen burners, and he sat back and answered questions.• She's had a two-year break from competitive running, but now she's staging a comeback.
lunch break• Then we had a lunch break during which time the Head went round and awarded marks for the cleanest class.• More volunteers would also allow the workers simple pleasures like a lunch break without feeling guilty.• Superior Court Judge Hiroshi Fujisaki abruptly called for an early lunch break.• I timed it so I caught Stu on his lunch break.• After all, the 27-year-old farm worker fully intended to return to work when his 30-minute lunch break was over.• I rang Joy and Alan, who came immediately and stayed, apart from a quick lunch break, all day.• Oh, they had a little fun trapping regents going to the bathroom during the lunch break.• Zaza and Fiona were discussing their plans to visit Top Shop in their lunch break.
career break• I took up a position in a university library after a career break.• It has been written to meet the needs of those returning to work after a career break.• It is vital that the education system should attract back women who have taken a career break to raise a family.• But despite all the bonhomie about career breaks in the Nogales maquilas, Colantuoni says one thing is clear.• We already encourage job-shares, part-time working and career breaks and we are introducing home working.• His next big career break came about almost by accident.• Employers who do not offer career breaks and childcare facilities may find themselves passed over in favour of employers who do.
the Easter/Christmas etc break• Of course, no day is typical and there are particular tensions which emerge in the few weeks before the Christmas break.• Before the Christmas break it became apocalyptic.• Adam was nineteen and in his first year at university, though at that time at home for the Easter break.• Thomas Cook is to launch a £1m campaign to encourage late bookers to travel over the Easter break.• For Armagh it's crucial they build on a series of heart-warming displays since the Christmas break.• To emphasise the message, ministers have been told to spend the Easter break in Britain rather than holidaying overseas.• Everything was A-Okay until the Christmas break.• A Forte spokesperson says the launch of the Heritage campaign is timed to coincide with the Easter break.
break time• What should happen to helpers at break times?• Important parts of the job could be carried out at break times or through telephone calls.• The selling of sugar free squash at break times provides a service appreciated by children and also generates a regular income.• Oh, looks like it's coffee break time - again.• Royal watchers say the 47-year-old prince recognizes it is make or break time for him personally.• And the break time in between has been cut from 1 minute, 30 seconds to 50 seconds.• Should they have their break times in the staff rooms or is this an intrusion into staff freedom?
break in the weather• Taking advantage of a brief break in the weather, people covered the fountain.• The break in the weather made it easier for everyone.
break with• The ceremony is a complete break with tradition.• This ruling represents a major break with the policies of the past 35 years.
lucky break• It might be a lucky break.• Outside Nordhausen he had a lucky break.• Key events included radical job changes and serious problems, as well as lucky breaks.• Ace thought that was another suspiciously lucky break, but she had no complaints.• He wouldn't be getting much sleep over the next few days unless they got a very lucky break.
break of serve• No surprise breaks of serve, no marathon games.
From Longman Business Dictionary
breakbreak1 /breɪk/ verb (past tensepst broke /brəʊkbroʊk/, past participlepp broken /ˈbrəʊkənˈbroʊ-/)
1[transitiveT] if someone breaks a law, rule, agreement etc, they do not do what it says they should do
If you copy music files from the Internet, you could easily be breaking the law.
The other company broke the terms of its agreement.
2if employers break a STRIKE, they force the strikers to end it, perhaps with the help of the army or the police
He broke the ambulancemen’s strike by getting the army to answer emergency calls.
3break even to neither make a profit nor lose money
The company needs to charge $13 a ton to break even.
The retailer warns that it expects sales to be down by 15%, and it may only break even.
→ break down
→ break something → up
breakbreak2 noun [countableC]
1a period of time when you stop working or stop what you are doing in order to rest, eat, take a holiday etc
He was entitled to a forty-five minute lunch break.
Employers must provide people who work at computers with rest breaks.
→ bio break → city break → mini break
2 (also commercial break) a pause for advertisements during a television or radio programme
We’ll be back with more music after the break.
3FINANCE a sudden, large fall in market prices, especially the price of shares on a stockmarket
The big break in cattle prices has forced ranchers to stop selling young cattle.
4a sudden or unexpected chance to do something, especially to be successful in your job
She got her first break in 1951 on Broadway.
He did small commercials for Yellow Pages before getting his big break with the Porsche advert.
5a period of several weeks or years during which something stops, before continuing again
break in
If you have a break in paid employment for two complete consecutive tax years, you must pay full-rate contributions when you return to work.
→ career break
Origin break1
Old English brecan
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break

noun¹

 1short rest; short holiday/vacation短暫休息；短期休假ADJECTIVE | VERB + BREAK | BREAK + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤little, quick, short小憩；短暫的休息▸➤coffee, dinner, lunch, tea (BrE) 工間喝咖啡／用餐／午餐／茶點休息時間▸➤Christmas, Easter, holiday聖誕節假期；復活節假期；短假◇Are you going away for the Easter break?你要出去度復活節假期嗎？➤spring, summer, winter春假；暑假；寒假➤weekend (especially BrE) 週末休息◇I won a weekend break in Paris.我爭取到了一個週末去巴黎度假的機會。➤10-minute, two-week, etc. * 10 分鐘的休息時間、兩週的假期等◇We have a 15-minute break in the morning.我們上午有 15 分鐘的休息時間。VERB + BREAK➤have, take休息一會兒◇We'll take a break now and resume in an hour.現在休息一下，一小時後再開始。➤need, want需要小憩➤deserve應該得到休息➤enjoy享受假期BREAK + NOUN➤time (= between lessons at school) (BrE) 課間休息時間PREPOSITION➤at break (BrE) 在休息時◇I'll see you at break.我們休息時見。➤during (a/the) break在休息期間◇I had a word with John during the break.中間休息時我和約翰說了幾句話。➤without a break不間斷地◇We worked all day without a break.我們不間斷地工作了一整天。➤break for⋯休息時間◇a break for lunch午餐休息時間➤break from擺脫⋯的時間◇a break from caring for the children不用照看孩子的空閒時間
break

noun²

 2change/interruption in sth改變；中斷ADJECTIVE | VERB + BREAK | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤clean, complete, sharp徹底斷絕關係；完全決裂；突然中斷▸➤career（因照顧小孩而）暫時停止工作▸➤commercial (especially NAmE) 插播廣告時間➤nice, welcome (especially BrE) 討人喜歡的／受歡迎的中斷VERB + BREAK➤make中斷；作出改變◇His new work makes a break with the past.他的新工作使他告別了過去。◇I wanted to leave but was nervous about making the break.我想離開，但是一想到要改變又覺得不安。PREPOSITION➤break from與⋯決裂◇a break from tradition突破傳統➤break in⋯的轉變◇a break in the weather天氣變化➤break with與⋯斷絕關係
break

noun³

 3opportunity機遇ADJECTIVE | VERB + BREAK ADJECTIVE➤big, lucky好運VERB + BREAK➤get得到⋯的機會◇I always knew I would get my lucky break one day.我一直知道總有一天我會交好運的。➤give sb給某人機會◇He's the director who gave her her first big break.他是第一個給她大好機會的導演。
break

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤easily容易破碎▸➤in half, in two碎成兩塊◇She broke the bar in two and gave a piece to me.她把糖塊掰成兩半給了我一塊。➤apart, up斷開◇She broke the chocolate up into small pieces.她把巧克力弄成小塊。PREPOSITION➤into破成◇The glass broke into hundreds of pieces.玻璃摔得粉碎。
break

verb

 ●break down1. fail失敗ADVERB➤completely, irretrievably徹底失敗；不可挽回地破裂◇Their marriage had broken down irretrievably.他們的婚姻已破裂，不可挽回。➤eventually最終失敗2. start crying哭起來PHRASES➤break down and cry, break down in tears控制不住感情哭起來；失聲哭泣◇She broke down in tears as she spoke to reporters.她向記者訴說時，忍不住哭了起來。●break offADVERB➤abruptly, immediately突然／立即停住◇He broke off abruptly when Jo walked in.喬走進來時，他突然停住不說了。PREPOSITION➤from停止⋯◇She broke off from the conversation to answer the telephone.她停止交談去接電話。
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break noun
⇨ holiday 1 (Spring Break) ⇨ holiday 2 (a weekend break) ⇨ opportunity (a lucky break) ⇨ pause (a break in your routine) ⇨ rest 2 (a lunch break)break verb
⇨ break 1 (break a window/leg) ⇨ break 2 (a machine breaks) ⇨ break 3 (break the law) ⇨ break 4 (break a promise) ⇨ convey (break the news to sb)break1

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿a machine breaks 機器壞了break the law 違反法律break a promise 違背諾言  ➡ See also the entry for smash 另見smash條break ♦︎ crack ♦︎ fracture ♦︎ snapThese words all refer to sth being damaged as a result of force, usually so that it separates into two or more parts. 這些詞均表示打破、破裂、斷裂。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / crack / fracture a bone / rib◆to break / fracture your hip / jaw / wrist◆to crack / fracture your skull◆to break / crack a / an cup / egg / mirror◆a branch / cable / rope breaks / snaps◆a broken / cracked / fractured pipe■ break (broke, broken) [intransitive, transitive] to damage sth or be damaged so that it separates into two or more parts, as a result of force （使）破，裂，碎◆She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.她把盤子掉在地上打碎了。◆She fell off a ladder and broke her arm.她從梯子上掉下來，摔斷了胳膊。◆I didn't mean to break the window.我不是故意打破窗玻璃的。◆He broke the chocolate in two and gave me half.他把那塊巧克力一分爲二，給了我一半。◆How did this dish get broken?這只盤子是怎麽打破的？▸ breakage ˈbreɪkɪdʒ

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.我們上次搬家時幾乎沒有什麽物品破損。◆Wrap it up carefully to protect against breakage.把它包好，以免破損。■ crack [intransitive, transitive](of sth hard) to break so that lines appear in it, but without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way （使硬物）破裂，裂開，斷裂◆The ice cracked as I stepped on it.我一踩冰就裂了。◆The leather / mud / paint / plaster had cracked.皮革／泥／油漆／灰泥已開裂。◆He has cracked a bone in his arm.他的手臂有一處骨裂。◆Her lips were dry and cracked.她的嘴唇幹裂了。ⓘ Less frequently, to crack can involve breaking into separate parts, if it is used with a preposition. * crack與介詞連用可表示打碎，此義較少用◆She cracked an egg into the pan.她往鍋裏打了一個雞蛋。   see also crack ⇨ crack noun ■ fracture ˈfræktʃə(r) [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to break or crack; to make sth break or crack （使）斷裂，折斷，破裂◆Cast iron is not only heavy, but likely to fracture.鑄鐵不僅重，還有可能斷裂。◆A gas escape from a fractured pipe was the likely cause of the explosion.可能是從破裂的管道裏洩露的煤氣引發了爆炸。◆He fell and fractured his skull.他跌倒摔裂了顱骨。▸ fracture

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆She sustained two fractures to her leg.她的一條腿有兩處骨折。◆Ground movements could cause fracture of the pipe.地層移動可能導致管道破裂。NOTE 辨析 Break, crack or fracture?Any of these verbs can be used for bones; break or fracture but not crack can be used for joints. 這些動詞均可指骨折或骨裂。break和fracture可指關節部位的骨折，但crack不能◆He cracked his hip/jaw/wrist. Only break can be used for arms and legs. 只有break可指手臂和腿骨折◆She cracked/fractured her arm/leg. Fracture is the usual verb for talking about skulls (= the bone structure in the head); you can also use crack, but not break. 顱骨開裂通常用fracture，也可用crack，但不用break◆He fell and broke his skull. ■ snap (-pp-) [intransitive, transitive] to break suddenly into two pieces with a sharp noise; to break sth in this way （使喀嚓）斷裂，繃斷◆Suddenly the rope snapped.繩子突然啪地繃斷了。◆The wind had snapped the tree in two.風把樹喀嚓一聲刮斷了。break2

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿a machine breaks 機器壞了break the law 違反法律break a promise 違背諾言break ♦︎ fail ♦︎ break down ♦︎ go wrong ♦︎ crash ♦︎ go downThese are all words that can be used when a machine stops working because of a fault. 這些詞均表示機器出故障、失靈。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a video / watch breaks / goes wrong◆a washing machine breaks down / goes wrong◆an engine fails / breaks down◆a computer goes wrong / crashes◆a system fails / crashes / goes down■ break (broke, broken) [intransitive, transitive](of a device or small machine) to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage a device or small machine and stop it from working （裝置或小型機器）損壞，壞掉；弄壞◆My watch has broken.我的表壞了。◆I think I've broken the video.我可能把錄像機弄壞了。■ fail [intransitive](of a system, part of a machine or system, or part of the body) to stop working （系統、機器或系統的一部分）出故障，失靈；（身體部位）出毛病◆The air-conditioning system failed on the hottest day of the year.空調系統在一年裏最熱的那天癱瘓了。◆The brakes on my bike failed halfway down the hill.我的自行車下山途中車閘失靈了。▸ failure

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆patients suffering from heart / kidney failure心髒／腎衰竭的病人◆A power failure plunged everything into darkness.停電使一切陷入黑暗。■ ˌbreak ˈdown

phrasal verb

(broke, broken)(of a machine or vehicle) to stop working because of a fault （機器或車輛）出故障，壞掉◆The washing machine has broken down again.洗衣機又壞了。◆We (= our car) broke down on the motorway.我們的車在高速公路上抛錨了。▸ breakdown ˈbreɪkdaʊn

noun

◆a breakdown on the motorway在高速公路上抛錨■ ˌgo ˈwrong

idiom

(goes, went, gone)to stop working correctly 發生故障；出毛病◆My watch keeps going wrong.我的手表老是出毛病。◆The new television set will contain fewer components to go wrong.新電視機出故障的部件會更少。ⓘ Machines, devices and parts inside machines and vehicles can go wrong; whole vehicles cannot. * go wrong指機器、裝置或機器和車輛的零部件出毛病，車輛整體發生故障不能用go wrong◆The car has gone wrong again. If sth goes wrong, it may not stop working completely, as it does if it breaks or breaks down. * go wrong所指的故障未必使事物完全停止運轉，break或break down則指徹底壞掉。 ■ crash [intransitive, transitive](of a computer or computer system) to stop working suddenly; to make a computer or computer system stop working suddenly （使計算機或計算機系統）崩潰◆Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes.要是計算機系統突然崩潰，文件就可能丢失。▸ crash

noun

 [countable] ◆A systems crash in the morning and a bomb scare in the afternoon provided enough excitement.上午的計算機系統崩潰和下午的炸彈恐嚇讓人受夠了刺激。■ ˌgo ˈdown

phrasal verb

(goes, went, gone) [intransitive](of a computer system) to stop working temporarily （計算機系統）暫停運行◆The system is going down in ten minutes.系統十分鐘後要暫停運行。NOTE 辨析 Crash or go down?Individual computers or whole systems can crash and this is always sudden and unexpected; when a system goes down, it may have been turned off deliberately to prevent people from using it while work is carried out on it. * crash指單個計算機或整個系統意外地突然崩潰；go down指系統或許被故意關閉，以阻止執行工作時有人使用。break3

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿a machine breaks 機器壞了break the law 違反法律break a promise 違背諾言break ♦︎ breach ♦︎ infringe ♦︎ violateThese words all mean to do sth that is against the law, an agreement or a principle. 這些詞均表示違反法律、協議或原則。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / breach / infringe a regulation◆to break / breach / violate a rule / law / treaty◆to break / infringe / violate a code◆to break / violate a ceasefire / truce◆to breach / infringe / violate copyright◆to breach / infringe / violate Article 12 of the treaty■ break [transitive] to do sth that is against the law or a rule or agreement 違反（法律、規定或協議）◆to break an agreement / a contract違反協議／合同◆Would you be willing to break the law to achieve your goal?你願意爲達到目的而違反法律嗎？◆They insist that they have not broken any rules.他們堅持說他們沒有違反任何規章。◆He was breaking the speed limit (= driving faster than the law allows).他違章超速行駛。OPP obey ⇨ follow 3 ■ breach briːtʃ [transitive] (formal) to not keep an agreement; to not obey a rule or law 違背；違反；違犯◆The government is accused of breaching the terms of the treaty.政府被控違反條約中的規定。OPP comply ⇨ follow 3 ▸ breach

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆a breach of contract / copyright / warranty違約；侵犯版權；違反保證◆This action is in breach of Article 119 of the Constitution.該行爲觸犯了憲法第119條。NOTE 辨析 Break or breach? Breach is more formal. You can breach a particular rule, but you would break 'the law' in general. 與break相比，breach較正式。特指違反某一規章可用breach，泛指違法則用break◆areas where EU limits were breached違反歐盟限制的地區◆They are breaching the law and could be in serious trouble. People break laws. Either people or actions can breach rules. 表示人違法用break laws，人或行爲違背規章均可用breach rules。 ■ infringe ɪnˈfrɪndʒ [transitive, intransitive] (formal) (of an action or plan) to break a law; to limit sb's legal rights （行動或計劃）違法；侵犯，侵害（合法權益）◆The material can be copied without infringing copyright.這份材料可以複制，不會侵犯版權。◆They said that compulsory identity cards would infringe civil liberties.他們說強制辦理身份證會侵犯公民自由。◆She refused to answer questions that infringed on her private affairs.她拒絕回答侵犯她隐私的問題。▸ infringement

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆copyright infringement對版權的侵犯◆an infringement of his personal liberty對他的人身自由的侵犯■ violate ˈvaɪəleɪt [transitive] (formal) to refuse to obey or keep a law, principle or agreement; to disturb or not respect sb's peace or privacy 違反，違犯，違背（法律、原則或協議）；攪擾；侵犯（隐私）◆The directive violates fundamental human rights.該指令違反基本人權。◆She accused press photographers of violating her privacy.她指責新聞攝影記者侵犯了她的隐私。OPP respect ⇨ follow 3   see also invade ⇨ interfere ▸ violation

noun

 [countable, uncountable] ◆gross violations of human rights對人權的粗暴踐踏◆They were in open violation of the treaty.他們公然違反條約。NOTE 辨析 Infringe or violate? Violate often describes actions that are not just illegal, but morally wrong. Infringe can be about sb's personal rights, but it is not as strong as violate, which is more about universal human rights. * violate所描述的行爲常常不僅是非法的，還是不道德的。infringe可以指侵犯個人權利，但不如violate強烈，violate更多指侵犯普世人權。break4

verb

 break a window/leg 打破窗戶；摔斷腿a machine breaks 機器壞了break the law 違反法律break a promise 違背諾言break ♦︎ withdraw ♦︎ do a U-turn ♦︎ retract ♦︎ recant ♦︎ take sth back ♦︎ backtrack ♦︎ go back on sthThese words all mean to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise. 這些詞均表示改變、撤回原先的聲明、觀點或承諾。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break / withdraw / go back on a promise◆to break / go back on your word / an agreement◆to withdraw / retract a / an claim / allegation / confession■ break [transitive] to not keep a promise or agreement 違背（諾言或協議）◆I've never broken my word; why should I do it now?我從未食言過，爲什麽現在要這麽做？◆She has already broken three appointments (= not gone to them).她已經爽約三次了。OPP keep ⇨ keep 5 ■ withdraw wɪðˈdrɔː, wɪθˈdrɔː(withdrew, withdrawn) [transitive] (formal) to say that you no longer believe that sth you previously said is true 收回，撤回，撤銷（說過的話）◆The newspaper withdrew the allegations the next day.這家報紙第二天收回了那些說法。■ ˌdo a ˈU-turn (informal, especially journalism 尤用於新聞) to make a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （在政策或行爲上）作出（令人尴尬的）徹底轉變◆The Prime Minister may be forced to do another humiliating U-turn on Europe.首相在歐洲政策上也許再一次被迫做出不光彩的180度大轉變。ⓘ Do a U-turn is most often found in contexts relating to politics and business. Because doing a U-turn is seen as being an embarrassing experience, it is usually used with verbs such as have to and be forced to. * do a U-turn最常出現在與政治和商業相關的語境裏。由於do a U-turn被視作令人尴尬的做法，故通常與have to、be forced to等動詞連用。   see also U-turn ⇨ revolution 2 ■ retract rɪˈtrækt [transitive] (formal) to say that sth you said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it 撤銷，收回（說過的話）◆He made a false confession which he later retracted.他作了假供詞，後來又翻供。  see also retraction ⇨ denial NOTE 辨析 Withdraw or retract?In many cases you can use either word. 在許多情況下這兩個詞可以通用◆to withdraw / retract a claim / an allegation / a confession撤銷聲明／說法／供詞However, retract is used more often when sb has been forced to say sth (like a false confession) that they did not really mean and wish to give their true opinion; withdraw is used more often when sb has made a claim or accusation against sb that they cannot prove, and is forced to admit that it is not true. 不過，某人被迫說了本意不想說的話（如假供詞），但希望能說出真實的看法時較常用retract；某人作出了針對他人未經證實的斷言或指控，被迫承認所言非實時較常用withdraw。 ■ recant rɪˈkænt [transitive, intransitive] (formal) (especially in the past) to say publicly that you no longer have the same belief or opinion （尤指舊時）公開宣布放棄（原先的信仰或觀點）◆In 1633 he was forced to recant his assertion that the earth orbited the sun.他在1633年被迫公開宣布放棄地球圍繞太陽運轉的斷言。■ ˌtake sth ˈback

phrasal verb

(took, taken) (rather informal, especially spoken) to admit that sth you said was wrong or that you should not have said it 收回，撤回（說過的不當的話）◆OK, I take it all back!好吧，我把我說過的話統統收回！ⓘ Take sth back is most often used in spoken expressions such as Would you like to take that back? (said to sb who has just offended the speaker), Can I take that back? or I take it (all) back. * take sth back最常用於口語表達，如Would you like to take that back?（你願意收回那句話嗎？）；Can I take that back?（我可以收回那句話嗎？）；I take it (all) back.（我把我說過的話（統統）收回。）■ backtrack ˈbæktræk [intransitive] (especially business 尤用於商業 or politics 政治) to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb/sth （屈於壓力而）改變聲明（或主張），出爾反爾；退縮◆The trade unions have had to backtrack on their main demand.工會不得不改變了主要的訴求。■ ˌgo ˈback on sth

phrasal verb

(goes, sent, gone) (rather informal) to fail to keep a promise; to change your mind about sth 違背承諾；食言；改變主意◆They have no intention of going back on any of their commitments.他們無意背棄他們作出的任何承諾。
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break
To break: break, fall apart, shatter...
To injure yourself or someone else: injure, harm, wound...
To make a machine or piece of machinery stop working: break, brick, cannibalise...
To stop working (of a piece of equipment): break down, go off, shut off...
To fail to obey a rule, law or command: cross a line, break, defy...
To not keep a promise: break, go back on, renege...
To make someone feel disappointed or less hopeful: disappoint, let down, discourage...
To lose hope, or to give up hope: give up on, despair, darken...
To be, or to become known: come out, get around, leak out...
To publish something, or to be published: self-publish, publish, print...
To broadcast or be broadcast on television or radio: broadcast, report, give out...
To tell someone something, or to give information: tell, deliver, report...
To stop doing something: stop, break off, give up...
To stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...
To end a friendship or relationship: defriend, unfriend, break off...
To make a sound: sound, tap out, let out...
To bring an end to something: end, wind up, round off...
The coming of night and day: break, close in, night falls...
What storms can do: blow itself out, blow over, blow up...
Changes in the weather: break, break through, brighten up...
What voices can do: break, choke, crack...
What liquids can do: break, burst, cast up...
Codes and codification: alphanumeric, break, CAPTCHA...
To get better after an illness: recovery, survive, recover...
General words for rest and relaxation: relaxation, comfort, breathing space...
Time off from work: absenteeism, break, career break...
Types of holiday: activity holiday, adventure holiday, babymoon...
The school or university day: after-school, assembly, break...
Parts of television and radio programmes: action replay, break, clip...
Specific periods of time in a game or match: break, extra time, first half...
Pauses, intervals and halts: pause, interval, halt...
Space and amounts of space: accommodation, air pocket, break...
Signs of damage: a blot on something, blemish, blight...
Describing or relating to bones and joints: a clean break, arthritic, break...
Opportunities: opportunity, chance, choice...
Tone or quality of voice: break, cadence, croak...
Tennis: ace, advantage, bagel...
Snooker, billiards and pool: baize, bar billiards, billiards...

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