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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442

former

Word family 
for·mer1 /ˈfɔːmə $ ˈfɔːrmər/ ●●● S2 W1 adjectiveadj [only before noun]
1  BEFOREhappening or existing before, but not now 以前〔發生或存在〕的，從前的 → present, previous
the former Soviet Union
前蘇聯
Their farm has been reduced to half its former size.
他們的農場已縮小到以前的一半。
► see thesaurus at last
2  having a particular position in the past 〔地位、職位〕昔日的，前任的 SYN ex-, → present
my former husband
我的前夫
former President Clinton
前總統克林頓
3. in former times/years in the past 從前，以前
Examples from the Corpus
in former times/years• No rocks, to our knowledge, are untouched by life in former times.
4  somebody/something’s former self BEFOREwhat someone or something was like before they were changed by age, illness, trouble etc 某人/某物以前的模樣〔指與現在經歷衰老、疾病、苦難等後對比〕
She seems more like her former self.
她似乎回到了以前的樣子。
be a shadow/ghost of your former self (=be much less confident, healthy, energetic etc than you used to be) 不像以前那樣，遠不如以前〔自信、健康、有活力等〕
The team’s a shadow of its former self.
該隊雄風不再。
Examples from the Corpus
somebody/something’s former self• A man once famed for his intolerance, xenophobia and irrational rages has become a husk of his former self.• However, such plans would have required Melanie to want to preserve her former self.• Over the last few months he had become rather withdrawn and mistrustful; a subdued version of his former self.• Sharpness docks is now a shadow of it's former self.• Stark had taken me to a place where I could shed my former selves and start anew.• The 1984 Geyserville was a shell of its former self.• The trees were dusty and muscular; zealous visions of their former selves.• There he was with his cigar, a shadow of his former self.
Examples from the Corpus
former• Canada is a former British colony.• Her former husband now lives in Houston.• Most of the former inmates sought refuge in his abbey, and many stayed on to help run it.• He was an adviser to former President Reagan.• Weinburger was an advisor to former president Ronald Reagan.• In the fall of 1990 we moved our baking facility from Forestville to downtown Santa Rosa, into a former tortilla factory.• Civil war raged for years in the former Yugoslavia.
former2 noun
1  the former formalFIRST the first of two people or things that you have just mentioned 前者 OPP the latter
Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely.
在這兩種可能性中，前者似乎更有可能。
Examples from the Corpus
the former• Of the two possibilities, the former seems more likely.
2. first/second/sixth etc former British EnglishBrESES used in some schools to show which class a student is in, according to how many years they have been in school 一年級/二年級/六年級等的學生
Examples from the Corpus
first/second/sixth etc former• Debbie is a sixth former at Abergele High School.
Examples from the Corpus
former• Steven Soderbergh, nominated as best director for both Traffic and Erin Brockovich, won for the former.• For the former, therefore, to return among the latter was not to degrade, but to promote them.
From Longman Business Dictionary
formerfor·mer /ˈfɔːməˈfɔːrmər/ adjectiveadj [only before a noun]
happening or existing in the past, but not now
the former chairman of United Telecommunications Inc
Origin former1
(1100-1200) forme “first” ((12-16 centuries)), from Old English forma
for·mer1 adjectiveadjformer2 noun
Syllable
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442
former adj.
⇨ former (my former boss) ⇨ previous (former glory) former

adjective

former ♦︎ old ♦︎ then ♦︎ ex-These words all describe sb/sth that used to have a particular position or status in the past. 這些詞均表示昔日的、原先的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's former / old / then / ex-partner / boyfriend / girlfriend◆sb's former / then / ex-husband / wife◆sb's former / old / then boss◆a former / an old / an ex-lover / colleague / member◆a former / an old friend / ally / enemy◆the former / then / ex-president / ambassador◆a former / an old / an ex-student◆a former / an ex-communist / king / patient / smoker◆a former / an old / an ex-colony■ former [only before noun] (rather formal) that used to have a particular position or status in the past 昔日的；前◆She's the former world champion.她是前世界冠軍。 OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next ■ old [only before noun] used to refer to sth that has been replaced by sth else （用於指稱被替代的東西）原來的，原先的◆We had more room in our old house.我們原先的房子比較寬敞。◆I met up with some old school friends.我跟幾個老校友見了面。 OPP new ⓘ A new person or thing is one that you have not met, had or experienced before. * new指新的、新穎的、以前未體驗過的◆He's made a lot of new friends.他交了許多新朋友。◆When do you start your new job?你什麽時候開始新工作？◆This is a new experience for me.這是我的一次新體驗。◆Our system is probably new to you.你也許不熟悉我們的系統。 ■ then [only before noun] used to refer to sb who had a particular title or position at the time in the past that is being discussed 當時（任職）的◆That decision was taken more than ten years ago by the then president.那個決定是十多年前由當時的總統作出的。 OPP current ⇨ recent ■ ex-

combining form

former 前◆My ex-wife and I are not on speaking terms.我的前妻和我現在連話都不說。 OPP current ⇨ recent , future ⇨ next NOTE 辨析 Former or ex-? Former has a wider range of collocates than ex-. 與ex-相比，former的搭配詞範圍更廣◆sb's ex-boss/friend/ally/enemy When ex- can be used it is less formal than former and is preferred in spoken English. * ex-不如former正式，一般用於口語中。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 588 COCA: 442

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