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BNC: 723 COCA: 1287

demand

Word family 
Related topics: Economics
de·mand1 /dɪˈmɑːnd $ dɪˈmænd/ ●●● S2 W1 noun
1  [singular, uncountableU]PE the need or desire that people have for particular goods and services 需要，需求
Production is increasing faster than demand.
生産仍比需求增長快。
demand for
the demand for new housing
對新住房的需求
in demand (=wanted) 被需要
As a speaker he was always in demand.
作爲一位演講者，他始終受到歡迎。
→ supply and demand
2  [countableC]ASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO something a very firm request for something that you believe you have the right to get 要求
demonstrations in support of the nationalists’ demands
聲援民族主義者要求的示威遊行
demand for
their demand for higher salaries
他們提高工資的要求
demand that
demands that he should resign
要求他辭職的呼聲
3  demands [plural]DIFFICULT the difficult, annoying, or tiring things that you need to do, or a skill you need to have 要求〔指需要做的困難事情或需要掌握的技能〕
demands of
the demands of modern life
現代生活的種種要求
demands on
The curriculum makes great demands on the teacher.
這門課程對教師提出了很高的要求。
There are heavy demands on people’s time these days.
如今，人們的時間都很緊。
place/put demands on/upon somebody/something
the increased demands placed on police officers
對警察越來越高的要求
Examples from the Corpus
demand of• These conflicting demands of the two principles are something of which people are consciously aware.• It would be unfair to make too many demands of the statements I have quoted.• The four claim the current administration has not responded adequately to the fast-moving demands of a modern-day sport.• Apparently, the flight attendant was too busy to respond immediately to the finger-snapping demands of the princess for more drinks.• Cultivation: It does not make specific demands of the growing medium, and will even grow on just fine gravel.• Teachers have always been constrained by the demands of examinations and the expectations of parents.• Often such schemes unashamedly make vast concessions to the demands of the modern pub customer.
4  popular demand POPULARwhen a lot of people have asked for something to be done, performed etc 普遍要求，公衆要求
by/due to popular demand (=because of popular demand) 由於普遍要求
The exhibition will run for an extra week, due to popular demand.
應公衆要求，這次展覽將延長一周。
Examples from the Corpus
popular demand• Both men created through their activities a popular demand for access to the very wilderness they sought to protect.• It was a thing that was created by popular demand.• As in many other countries, popular demands for the introduction of multiparty democracy grew in the first half of 1990.• But there is no popular demand, and no need, to overturn our institutions in a fit of impatience.• The formative years of many of the elderly who were surveyed was a ti-me of popular demand for greater equality.• And now, due to popular demand, we can announce the arrival of the Megadisk!• Due to popular demand, levels one to three of the original Fast Forward have been split, producing six short intensive courses.• Sir Peter was scheduled to sign for one hour, but gave way to popular demand and stayed for three.
5  on demand formalASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO something whenever someone asks 一經要求
Should you feed your baby on demand, or stick to a timetable?
給寶寶喂食應該按需還是按時？
Examples from the Corpus
on demand• Rahmer is opposed to abortion on demand.
 COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + demand
high (=a lot of people want something) 需求大的
Demand for housing is higher than ever.
住房需求比以往任何時候都要大。
low (=not many people want something) 需求小的
Recently the demand for new cars has been relatively low.
近來,新車需求相對較少。
a big demand 大的需求
There’s always a big demand for photographs of celebrities.
對於名人照片的需求一直很大。
a great/huge demand (=very big) 巨大的需求
There is a huge demand for business software and services.
商業軟件和服務的需求量巨大。
increased/increasing/growing demand 增長的/正在增長的/正在增加的需求
One of the problems is the growing demand for housing.
問題之一是日益增長的住房需求。
falling demand (=decreasing) 減少的需求
the falling demand for coal
煤炭需求量的減少
consumer demand (=the desire of consumers to buy goods) 消費需求
Consumer demand for new technology is strong.
新技術的消費需求旺盛。
verbs
meet/satisfy demand (=supply as much as people need or want) 滿足需求
There are reports that the company cannot produce enough to meet demand.
有報道稱,該公司的産量無法滿足需求。
keep up with demand (also keep pace with demand) (=satisfy the demand) 跟上需求
Public funding for higher education has not kept up with demand.
用於高等教育的公共資金沒有跟上需求。
cope with demand (=satisfy demand) 滿足需求
The existing services were not capable of coping with the demand for advice.
現有的服務不能滿足咨詢需求。
increase/boost demand 提升/推動需求
A very hard winter boosted the demand for natural gas.
嚴冬推動了對天然氣的需求。
reduce demand 降低需求
Higher interest rates reduce the demand for credit.
利率上調降低了信貸需求。
demand rises/increases 需求上升/增加
Demand for energy has continued to rise.
能源需求持續上升。
demand falls (=becomes lower) 需求下降
Demand for the products has fallen in the last six months.
在過去的六個月中,這些産品的需求下降了。
phrases
be much in demand (also be in great demand) (=be wanted by a lot of people) 需求量很大
Fuel-efficient cars are now much in demand.
時下低油耗汽車需求量很大。
supply outstrips/exceeds demand (=more is available than people need or want) 供過於求
In the 1980s, the supply of grain far exceeded the demand.
20世紀80年代,糧食的供應遠遠超過需求。
a lack of demand 需求不足
Many factories closed through lack of demand.
因需求不足,許多工廠關閉了。
a surge in demand (=a sudden increase) 需求激增
There’s often a surge in demand for the Internet at the weekend.
周末時,對於因特網的需求常常會激增。
Examples from the Corpus
demand• A demand from your boss that you babysit his children is clearly unreasonable.• Some working moms worry about the conflicting demands of home and job.• In short, there is a I 5,000-bushel shortage of or excess demand for, corn.• Kallay returned to his original demands for the release of comrades from prison, and the resignation of the Sierra Leone government.• The government has refused the rebels' demand to release their leader from prison.• The union's demand for an 8% across-the-board increase is still under consideration.• The kidnappers made several demands in their telephone call to police.• A list of the students' demands was presented to the dean of the law school.• This growth is necessary to mitigate the supply / demand imbalance and for the continued economic health of the region.• The desire is great because the demands for knowing in life are so great.• Recessions often start because the demand for credit falls.• Though land is theoretically very expensive there, the recession has cut the demand.• It follows that their demand for bank deposits is also growing at twice the rate of growth of nominal income.• With demand for short and medium term paper picking up, most issues registered gains of up to £3/4.
demand for• Glover faced a demand for his resignation.• There isn't much demand for leaded gasoline anymore.
demand that• His indignation frequently boiled over to a point where he thought and demanded that a libel writ should be issued.• Prestige, if nothing else, demanded that it be entered into with due pomp and circumstance.• The work of individuation, however, demands that one should not be compulsively affected in this way.• But Eliades is demanding that pot, plus Lewis' fight fee of around £5m, is frozen by a court judge.• For their part, opposition leaders demanded that Mr Fujimori step down immediately in favour of a transition government.• Administrators finally bowed to demands that the university be renamed.• Giving up his five wives and dozen concubines, Vladimir demanded that all his subjects in Kiev become baptized.• We demanded that every student who took part in the protest be granted amnesty.• The polyester products maker attributed the forecast to weak world-wide demand that has lowered production volumes and increased manufacturing costs.
demand2 ●●● W2 verb [transitiveT]
1  INSISTto ask for something very firmly, especially because you think you have a right to do this 〔堅決〕要求〔尤因認爲有權這麽做〕
Angry demonstrators demanded the resignation of two senior officials.
憤怒的示威者要求兩名高級官員辭職。
demand to know/see/have etc something
I demand to know what’s going on.
我要求知道發生了什麽事情。
demand that
They demanded that the military government free all political prisoners.
他們要求軍政府釋放所有政治犯。
demand something of somebody
It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her.
好像無論她做什麽，都會有更多的要求等着她。
‘Where are you going?’ she demanded angrily.
“你要去哪裏？” 她氣憤地質問道。
5Don’t say demand for something. Say demand something: I demand my money back! (NOT I demand for my money back!)
不要說 demand for something. 而要說 demand something: I demand my money back! (不說 I demand for my money back!) 我要求退款！
► see thesaurus at ask, insist
2  NEEDif one thing demands another, it needs that thing in order to happen or be done successfully 需要
Too many things demanded his attention at the same time.
太多事情同時需要他的關注。
It’s a desperate situation demanding a desperate remedy.
情況危急，需要背水一戰。
n GRAMMAR: Patterns with demand
You demand something:
I demand an explanation!
You demand to do something:
She demanded to see the manager.
In everyday English, you demand that someone does something:
I demand that he apologizes.
In formal English, you demand that someone do something, using the base form of the verb (=the infinitive without ‘to’):
His opponents are demanding that he resign.
✗Don’t say: demand someone to do something
You use the base form of the verb when talking about the past:
They demanded that he resign.
In everyday English, people also say:
They demanded that he resigned.
You demand that someone should do something:
His opponents demanded that he should resign.
This pattern is often used in the past, when reporting what someone has demanded.
Examples from the Corpus
demand• The evidence demanded a long time for Earth processes to have had any effect in carving mountains and accumulating sediment.• Stopped controversially in their first battle, Razor demanded a second go at Tyson.• The chief demanded a thorough investigation into the murder.• Both exchange and mutuality however, demand additional discipline for success.• How dare you say that! I demand an apology.• The laboratory was surrounded by protesters demanding an end to the animal experiments.• I demand an explanation for your appalling behaviour.• I caught Alice going through my letters and demanded an immediate explanation.• "Did you do this?" Kathryn demanded angrily.• Waster and the beggars scorned poor food and demanded better, fine bread instead of that with beans in it and well-cooked meat.• Parents are demanding greater control over their children's education.• The baby demands most of Cindy's time.• The receivers are informed that they are not allowed to ask questions nor to demand repeats of words or phrases.• One of the men brandished a jagged-edge Bowie knife and demanded that 25-year-old Julie handed over her handbag containing £95.• Realizing that her husband had deceived her, she demanded that he tell her the whole truth.• State health inspectors have demanded that the city act immediately to clean the water supply.• You should demand that they finish the job now, not some time in August.• Just go to the dry cleaners, show them the dress, and demand that they pay for the damage.• The President demanded the release of the hostages.• Daley demanded to know why the police had not been called in to stop the rioting.• The guards demanded to see her I.D. before they allowed her in the building.• The police officer made Neil get out of the car and demanded to see his driver's licence.
demand to know/see/have etc something• Even before Urquhart could demand to know what on earth he thought he was doing, the babbling commenced.• He kept demanding to know how it got there.• Lifting the phone from the desk, he demanded to know what was going on.• Once in a while she sent food back to the kitchen and demanded to see the cook.• One day Mulholland was approached by a man in a carriage who demanded to know his name and what he was doing.• Paxon specifically demanded to know whether Rep.• She saw an empty space on the walls and demanded to know where the picture was.• The sheriff demanded to know how the solicitor had got hold of a confidential social inquiry report.
demanded ... attention• But other things have demanded her attention.• Far and Middle Eastern issues similarly demanded attention.• Her face kept swimming forward, her eyes demanded attention.• It was true that a major problem had just cropped up which demanded immediate attention.• Some of the men demanded as much attention.• Too many things demanded his attention at the same rime.• They demanded attention, more photography, and the remainder of the party drew further away.• They demanded attention which it was not humanly possible to give.
From Longman Business Dictionary
demandde·mand /dɪˈmɑːnddɪˈmænd/ noun [uncountableU]ECONOMICS
1the amount of spending on goods and services by companies and people in a particular economy
Demand in the US economy generated 23 million new jobs during the 1990s.
2the total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies buy in a particular period of time
demand for
Lower interest rates did nothing to increase demand for loans to buy houses.
There was a very strong demand for jeans and T-shirts over the last month.
Chrysler said its Jeep plant won’t operate next week because of weak demand.
3the total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies would buy if they were available
Power companies have been forced to reduce voltage when demand exceeded available supplies during extreme cold or hot spells.
Demand for phone service in Thailand far outstrips the supply with back orders totaling about one million.
4law of demand the idea that the more something costs, the less demand for it there is
→ aggregate demand → consumer demand → cyclical demand → derived demand → domestic demand → elastic demand → excess demand → global demand → inelastic demand → institutional demand → market demand → primary demand → selective demand → see also elasticity of demand, on demand
Origin demand2
(1300-1400) Old French demander, from Latin mandare “to order”
BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demand

noun¹

 1firm request堅決的要求ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEMAND | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤legitimate, realistic, reasonable正當／合乎實際的／合理的要求◇I think your demand for a higher salary is perfectly reasonable.我認為你加薪的要求完全合理。➤outrageous, unrealistic, unreasonable過分的／不切實際的／不合理的要求➤non-negotiable沒有商量餘地的要求▸➤radical過激的要求▸➤urgent緊急的要求▸➤central, key, main, major主要要求▸➤fresh, new, renewed新要求；再次提出的要求◇There have been new demands for the government to take action to reduce crime.出現了呼籲政府採取行動減少犯罪的新要求。➤final最後要求◇A final demand for payment had been issued.要求付款的最後通知已經發出。➤written書面要求▸➤financial, political資金／政治要求▸➤opposition, popular, public, union反對派／大眾／公眾／工會的要求◇The management had no intention of meeting union demands.管理層不打算答應工會的要求。➤pay, ransom, salary, tax, wage (especially BrE) 薪金／贖金／薪水／納稅／工資要求◇A ransom demand has been made for the kidnapped racehorse.被綁架的賽馬已遭勒索贖金。VERB + DEMAND➤issue, make, present, press, put forward發出／作出／提交／強制／提出要求◇Demands have been made for the immediate distribution of food to the refugees.已經要求立即把食物發放給難民。➤renew, repeat, step up重申／重複／逐步提高要求◇Campaigners have stepped up their demands for immediate government action.活動人士逐步提高要求，呼籲政府立即行動。➤face面對要求▸➤respond to對要求作出回應▸➤accommodate, agree to, give in to, meet, satisfy, yield to迎合／同意／遷就／答應／滿足／依從要求◇The government cannot give in to the demands of an illegal organization.政府不能向一個非法組織的要求讓步。➤refuse, reject, resist拒絕／駁回／抵制要求◇The reporter refused their demand that he reveal his sources.那名記者拒絕了他們讓其透漏消息來源的要求。PREPOSITION➤on demand一經要求◇Campaigners insist that abortion should be available on demand.活動人士堅持認為人工流產應該有求必應。➤demand for, demand from⋯的要求；來自⋯的要求◇demands from the opposition for a recount of the votes反對黨提出的重新計算選票的要求
demand

noun²

 2need/desire for goods/services對商品、服務的需求或欲望ADJECTIVE | ... OF DEMAND | VERB + DEMAND | DEMAND + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤big, buoyant, considerable, enormous, great, heavy, high, huge, insatiable, peak, strong, unprecedented大量的需求；保持高位的需求；相當大的需求；極大的需求；無法滿足的需求；達到巔峰的需求；強大的需求；空前的需求◇Demand for the product is enormous.這種產品需求很大。◇There's always a great demand for our soups in winter.冬天人們對我們的湯的需求量總是很大。➤burgeoning, escalating, ever-increasing, growing, increased, increasing, rising, soaring, surging日益擴大的／逐步上升的／不斷增長的／越來越大的／增加了的／正在增長的／上升的／劇增的／急劇上升的需求▸➤excess, extra過分的／額外的需求▸➤constant, steady持續的／穩定的需求◇She is in constant demand to make public appearances and give interviews.她不斷地被邀約公開亮相，接受採訪。➤changing, fluctuating, seasonal變化着的／波動的／季節性需求▸➤current, future當前／未來需求▸➤latent, likely, pent-up, potential, projected隱藏的／可能的／被抑制的／潛在的／預計的需求▸➤overall, total整體需求；總需求◇We can estimate that total market demand for electrical goods will rise by 8%.我們可以估計電器產品的市場總需求會上升 8%。➤declining, falling, limited, low, reduced, slowing, sluggish衰退的／下降的／有限的／低迷的／縮減的／放慢的／停滯的需求▸➤consumer, customer, market, popular, public消費者／顧客／市場／民眾／公眾需求◇By popular demand, the play will run for another week.應廣大觀眾要求，這部戲將再演一星期。➤domestic, export, foreign, global, local, world, worldwide國內／出口／國外／全球／當地／世界性／國際需求◇The slowdown in domestic demand was offset by an increase in exports.國內需求的放緩通過出口的增長得到了彌補。➤electricity, energy, housing, labour/labor, etc.電力、能源、住房、勞動力等需求... OF DEMAND➤level需求水平◇a high level of demand需求水平高VERB + DEMAND➤accommodate, cope with, fulfil/fulfill, handle, meet, satisfy, supply應對需要；滿足需求；處理需求；迎合需求；供應需求的貨物◇The factories are staying open to meet the consumer demand for this product.工廠一直開工以滿足消費者對這一產品的需求。➤create, drive, generate創造／推動／產生需求◇It is the job of the marketing manager to create demand for the new product.為新產品創造需求是營銷經理的職責。➤boost, fuel, increase, spur, stimulate提高／推動／增加／激勵／刺激需求◇Low interest rates are fuelling / fueling demand for credit.低利率刺激着貸款需求。➤reduce降低需求▸➤exceed, outstrip超過需求◇Supply normally exceeds demand for the bulk of consumer goods.一般來說，大宗消費品都供過於求。➤forecast預測需求◇It can be difficult to forecast demand in the construction industry.有時很難預測建築業的需求。DEMAND + VERB➤grow, increase, rise需求增長／增加／上升◇Demand for personal computers has risen sharply.個人電腦需求急劇增長。➤decline, fall, slow, slow down需求下降／下跌／放慢／減緩◇As demand slows, the need to export will return.隨着需求放緩，出口的需要將回歸。➤exceed, outstrip需求超過◇In the housing market, demand is outstripping supply.住房市場供不應求。PREPOSITION➤in demand非常需要的；受歡迎的◇These old machines are still in demand.這些舊機器仍然有很大需求。➤demand among⋯中的需求◇the potential demand among children兒童中的潛在需求➤demand for對⋯的需求◇increased demand for health products保健產品需求的增長➤demand from來自⋯的需求◇the demand from consumers消費者的需求➤demand on在⋯方面的需求◇This section of the population makes a high demand on health-care resources.這部份人口對保健資源有很大需求。PHRASES➤supply and demand供求◇the law of supply and demand供求規律  ➡ topic at business
demand

noun³

 3demands difficult/tiring things you have to do不得不做的困難的事情；必須做的累人的事情ADJECTIVE | VERB + DEMANDS | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, excessive, extra, great, heavy, high, impossible相當高的／繁多的／過多的／額外的／極大的／大量的／很高的／達不到的要求◇I think the demands of this job are excessive.我覺得這項工作的要求過高。➤exacting, pressing嚴格的／迫切的要求▸➤growing, increasing不斷增長的／越來越多的要求➤changing不斷變化的要求◇Teacher training has to evolve to meet the changing demands of the profession.教師培訓必須改進，以滿足這一職業不斷變化的需求。➤competing, conflicting, contradictory相互矛盾的要求▸➤day-to-day, everyday日常要求◇the day-to-day demands of the job這項工作的日常要求➤external外來要求◇The person who cannot say no to others' requests is likely to be overwhelmed by external demands.不會對別人的要求說“不”的人很可能被外來要求所壓倒。➤economic, emotional, financial, physical, practical, sexual, social, technical經濟／感情／金融／體力／實際／性生活／社會／技術需求◇The emotional demands of the job can be overwhelming.這項工作會有極大的情感需求。VERB + DEMANDS➤impose, make, place強加／作出／提出要求◇My elderly parents make a lot of demands on me.我年老的父母對我提出很多要求。➤fulfil/fulfill, respond to滿足／回應要求◇We must prepare children to respond to the demands of work.我們必須要讓孩子做好準備以適應工作的需求。➤accommodate, cope with, handle迎合／應對／處理要求◇How do they cope with the conflicting demands of work and family life?他們怎樣平衡工作需求和家庭生活需求之間的矛盾？➤balance, juggle平衡／同時應付幾種要求◇Juggling the daily demands of career and family is rewarding, but never easy.處理好事業和家庭的需求是有益的，但絕非易事。PREPOSITION➤demand on, demand upon對⋯的要求◇My work seems to make more and more demands on my time.工作似乎要佔用我越來越多的時間。
demand

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤angrily, coldly, furiously, harshly, impatiently, indignantly, irritably, roughly, sharply生氣地／冷冷地／怒沖沖地／嚴厲地／不耐煩地／憤怒地／急躁地／粗暴地／語氣尖刻地質問◇'Where are the keys?' she demanded angrily.“鑰匙在哪兒 ? ”她生氣地問道。➤loudly大聲地質問PREPOSITION➤from向⋯要求◇He had demanded money from her.他向她要錢。➤of對⋯要求◇They failed to provide the information demanded of them.他們沒有提供索要的信息。
BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demand verb
⇨ demand (demand an answer) ⇨ ask 1 (‘Where were you?’ he demanded.)demand noun
⇨ demand (demand for a product) ⇨ pressure 1 (the demands of work) ⇨ request (a demand for higher pay) ⇨ in demand ⇨ popular adj. demand

noun

demand ♦︎ market ♦︎ a run on sth ♦︎ (no) call for sthThese are all words for the number of people who want to buy goods or services. 這些詞均表示顧客對貨物或服務的需求。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆demand / a market / (no) call for sth◆(a) big / buoyant / huge / growing / steady / changing / current / potential / total / falling demand / market◆(the) consumer / domestic / local / export / foreign / worldwide demand / market◆to create demand / a market◆to stimulate / boost / increase demand / the market■ demand [uncountable, singular] (especially business 尤用於商業) the number of people who want to buy goods or services （顧客對貨物或服務的）需求◆We are struggling to meet the demand for the product.我們正努力滿足對該産品的需求。◆Demand is exceeding supply.供不應求。◆There's an increased demand for organic produce these days.現在人們對有機農産品有更大的需求。■ market [singular] (business 商業) the number of people who want to buy goods or services （顧客對貨物或服務的）需求；市場◆The second-hand car market is declining.二手汽車市場正在萎縮。◆There's not much of a market for black and white televisions nowadays.黑白電視機現在沒多少市場了。   see also market ⇨ market 1 NOTE 辨析 Demand or market?These words have the same basic meaning, but demand is a more general term, and market is a more specialist business term. 這兩個詞基本含義相同，但demand含義更廣，market是較專業的商業用語。They have different grammar and collocation patterns: people talk about the housing/labour market and different product markets, but demand for housing/labour/a product. You can create demand/a market, but you meet/satisfy/increase demand and supply/expand the market. You influence/forecast demand but find/identify a market. People talk about a fall/a decline/an increase/growth in demand but a slump/recovery in the market. 兩者各有不同的語法和搭配模式，可以說the housing/labour market和product markets，但說demand for housing/labour/a product；可以說create demand/a market，但說meet/satisfy/increase demand和supply/expand the market；可以說influence/forecast demand，但說find/identify a market；可以說a fall/a decline/an increase/growth in demand，但說a slump/recovery in the market。When a business has trouble producing enough goods because so many people want them, people talk about demand rather than the market. 當企業無法提供足夠産品滿足顧客的需求時，所用術語爲demand而非market◆We're struggling to meet the market. ◆The market exceeds supply. ■ a run on sth

phrase

 (business 商業) a sudden demand for sth by a lot of people 搶購；爭購；需求突增◆There's been a run on the dollar.人們紛紛搶兌美元。◆When the new currency measures were announced there was a run on the bank (= a lot of people suddenly took their money out of the bank).新貨幣措施公布後，人們爭相到銀行提取現金。ⓘ Run is often found in financial contexts, but a shop or business might experience a run on anything, for example sun cream, petrol or red roses, especially when sth happens, such as a change in the weather, to create a sudden demand. * run常用於金融語境，但也指對任何商品的搶購，如防曬霜、汽油或紅玫瑰，尤其是當某事發生，如天氣變化，從而造成某種需求突增。■ (no) call for sth

phrase

 [singular] (rather informal) the desire or need of customers for goods or services （對貨物或服務的）需要，需求◆There isn't a lot of call for small specialist shops nowadays.如今對小型專賣店已沒有多大需求了。 demand

verb

  ➡ See also the entry for ask 2 另見ask條第2義demand ♦︎ require ♦︎ expect ♦︎ insist ♦︎ press (sb) for sth ♦︎ ask ♦︎ stipulate ♦︎ clamour ♦︎ hold out for sth ♦︎ exactThese words all mean to say that sb should do or have sth. 這些詞均表示強烈要求做某事或得到某物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to demand / require / expect / ask / exact sth from sb◆to demand / require / expect / ask sth of sb◆to ask / press / clamour / hold out for sth◆to demand / require / expect / insist / ask / stipulate that...◆to require / expect / ask sb to do sth◆to demand / require / expect / insist on high standards◆to demand / require / expect / ask a lot / too much / a great deal◆to be too much to expect / ask■ demand [transitive] to ask for sth very firmly; to say very firmly that sb should have or do sth 強烈要求（得到某物）；堅決要求（某人做某事）◆She demanded an immediate explanation.她強烈要求立即作出解釋。◆The group demands a high level of loyalty from its members.該組織要求其成員高度忠誠。◆The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.聯合國已要求撤出所有部隊。◆They demanded to see the ambassador.他們堅決要求與大使會面。  see also demand ⇨ request noun ■ require [transitive, often passive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用於進行時) (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards （尤指法律、規章或標準）規定做（某事），要求取得（某物）◆The wearing of seat belts is required by law.法律規定必須系安全帶。◆Several students failed to reach the required standard.有幾名學生沒有達到規定的標準。◆'Hamlet' is required reading (= must be read) for the class.《哈姆雷特》是這門課的必讀作品。  see also requirement ⇨ condition ■ expect [transitive] to demand that sb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility 要求，指望（尤因義務或責任）◆Are you clear about what is expected of you?你清楚大家對你的期望嗎？◆Don't expect too much from him.不要對他期望過高。◆They expected all their children to be high achievers.他們期望自己所有的孩子都大有作爲。◆I expect to be paid promptly for the work.我要求即時付工錢。▸ expectation

noun

 [countable, usually plural] ◆Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.有些父母對孩子有不切實際的期望。◆Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations.遺憾的是這種新軟件沒有達到期望。■ insist ɪnˈsɪst [intransitive, transitive] to demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth 堅決要求；堅持◆I didn't want to go but he insisted.我並不想去，可他硬要我去。◆We insist on the highest standards at all times.我們始終堅持最高標準。◆ (spoken) Stay and have lunch. I insist!留下來吃午飯吧，就這麽定了！◆'Please come with us.' 'All right, if you insist.'“請跟我們一起來吧。”“好吧，既然你執意要我去，我就去。”◆The company insisted that the money be paid immediately.公司堅持要求馬上付款。ⓘ The phrasal verb insist on/upon sth also means 'to demand sth and refuse to be persuaded to accept anything else'. 短語動詞insist on/upon sth也表示“堅持要求⋯”◆We insisted on a refund of the full amount.我們堅持要求全額退款。 ▸ insistence

noun

 [uncountable] ◆their insistence on strict standards of behaviour他們對行爲堅持要求嚴格標準◆At her insistence, the matter was dropped.在她的堅持下，這件事被擱置了。■ ˈpress for sth■ ˈpress sb for sth

phrasal verb

to keep asking for sth in a determined way 不斷催促；強烈要求◆They are pressing for a change in the law.他們正促請修改法律。◆The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.銀行在催我們還貸。   see also press ⇨ press 2 ■ ask [transitive] to expect or demand sth 期望；要求◆I know I'm asking a great deal.我知道我的要求很高。◆You're asking too much of him.你對他要求得過分了。◆It's asking a lot to expect them to win again.期望他們再次獲勝未免要求太高了。NOTE 辨析 Demand, expect or ask? Ask is not as strong as demand or expect, both of which can be more like a command. * ask不如demand和expect語氣強烈，後兩個詞更像命令。■ stipulate [transitive] (formal) to state firmly and clearly that sth must be done, or how it must be done 明確要求；規定◆A delivery date is stipulated in the contract.合同中規定了交貨日期。◆The job advertisement stipulates that the applicant must have teaching experience.招聘廣告明確要求申請人必須有教學經驗。■ clamour (BrE) (NAmE clamor) ˈklæmə(r) [intransitive] (rather formal, written) to demand sth loudly 大聲要求；吵鬧着要求◆People began to clamour for his resignation.人們開始大聲疾呼要求他辭職。◆Everyone was clamouring to know how much they would get.每個人都吵鬧着想知道自己能得到多少。■ ˌhold ˈout for sth

phrasal verb

(held, held) [no passive] to refuse to accept less than what you are asking for, especially when this causes a delay in reaching an agreement 堅持得到⋯而不肯讓步（尤指會拖延協議的達成）◆They are holding out for a 10% raise.他們非要加薪10%不可。■ exact [transitive] (formal) to demand and get sth from sb 要求；索取◆She was determined to exact a promise from him.她決意要他作出承諾。
BNC: 723 COCA: 1287
demand
Requests and demands: demand, request, appeal...
Important thing or detail: feature, priority, element...
Feelings of want and desire: desire, wish, urge...
General words for numbers, amounts and quantities: accumulation, allocation, allowance...
To ask someone to give you something: ask for, request, insist on something...
To ask a question or questions: ask, question, demand...
To need something: need, require, cry out for...

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