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IELTS BNC: 454 COCA: 628

letter

Word family 
Related topics: Letters & punctuation, Education, Sport
let·ter1 /ˈletə $ -ər/ ●●● S1 W1 noun [countableC]  
1  LETTERa written or printed message that is usually put in an envelope and sent by mail 信，函
letter from/to
 I got a letter from Melanie today.
今天我收到梅拉妮的一封信。
 Bart’s writing a letter to his parents.
巴特正在给他父母写信。
→ chain letter, letter of credit, open letter
2  SLAa sign in writing or printing that represents a speech sound 字母
 There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
英语字母表有26个字母。
 Fill in the form in capital letters (=written in their large form).
用大写字母填写表格。
→ block letters
3  to the letter ATTENTIONpaying exact attention to the details of something 丝毫不差，不折不扣
 I followed the instructions to the letter, but it still wouldn’t work.
我严格按照说明去做，但还是不行。
Examples from the Corpus
to the letter• Prion arguments were consigned to the letters columns of scientific journals.• She thinks recipes must be followed to the letter.• She could only do that if he kept her secrets and obeyed her instructions to the letter.• Marc's protocol was observed to the letter after Jimmy's rashness.• Nasty cop, nice cop: they were following procedure to the letter.• He returned to the letter he had begun typing earlier.• She returned to the letter in her hand, turning it over in her slender fingers before opening it.• A month afterwards the teams will be sent out to discover whether retailers are sticking to the letter of the law.• You must follow these to the letter or you may have to pay private charges.
4  the letter of the law EXACTthe exact words of a law or agreement rather than the intended or general meaning 法律[协议]的字面含义
 employees who stick to the letter of the law in their contracts
严格遵守合同字面规定的雇员
→ the spirit of the law at spirit1(11)
Examples from the Corpus
the letter of the law• The heart of all this is going beyond the letter of the law with your clients.• Some one who did not feel obliged to follow the letter of the law, or the instructions of the judge.• The agent counsels them obliquely against waste, repeats the letter of the law, and smiles.• The builders may have adhered to the letter of the law, but not its spirit.• A month afterwards the teams will be sent out to discover whether retailers are sticking to the letter of the law.• By sticking to the letter of the law, the spirit of the law may be lost.• Sticking to the letter of the law v. sticking to its spirit.
5  American EnglishAmESEDS a large cloth letter that you sew onto a jacket, given as a reward for playing in a school or college sports team 〔作为奖励缝在校运动队队员队服上的〕校名首字母标志
 Mark got a letter in soccer.
马克因足球比赛表现突出获得了校名首字母标志奖励。
6  English/American/German etc letters [plural] formalAL the study of the literature of a particular country or language 英国/美国/德国等文学
 a major figure in English letters
一位英语文学领域的重要人物
→ dead letter, man of letters
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
get a letter (also receive a letter formal) 收信
I got a letter from my mother.
我收到母亲写来的一封信。
write a letter 写信
He wrote a letter inviting her to visit.
他写信请她来做客。
send a letter 寄信，发信
The school sent a letter to all the children’s parents.
学校给所有孩子的父母都发去一封信。
post a letter British EnglishBrE, mail a letter American EnglishAmE 寄信
nCould you post this letter for me?
answer a letter/reply to a letter 回信
nI never answered his letter.
open a letter 打开信
nBill opened the letter and read it.
read a letter 读信
nMay I read her letter?
a letter comes/arrives 信寄到
nA letter came for you today.
a letter is addressed to somebody (=has their name and address on the envelope) 信是寄给某人的
nThe letter was addressed to Mr. John Appleby.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + letter
long/short 长/短
She was thrilled to get a long letter from her son.
她收到儿子寄来的一封长信，异常激动。
formal/informal 正式/非正式
The letter sounded very formal.
这封信读起来非常正式。
a personal letter 私人信件
I don’t want him reading my personal letters.
我不希望他读我的私人信件。
a business letter 商务信函
nIn business letters you often use phrases such as ‘I would be grateful if ...’.
an official letter 公函
nI received an official letter thanking me for my enquiry.
a love letter 情书
nThe book had a copy of a love letter from King Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn.
a thank-you letter 感谢信
nMum made me write thank-you letters for all my birthday presents.
a covering letter British EnglishBrE, a cover letter American EnglishAmE (=that you send with your CV to an employer) 〔连同履历一起寄给雇主的〕附函，说明信
nAlways enclose a cover letter with your resume.
phrases
a letter of thanks/introduction/complaint etc 感谢信/介绍信/投诉信等
I finally got a letter of apology from the company.
最后我收到了公司的一封致歉信。
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘invitation letter’ or ‘complaint letter’. Say letter of invitation or letter of complaint.
不要说 ‘invitation letter’ 或 ‘complaint letter’. 而要说 letter of invitation 或 letter of complaint.
Examples from the Corpus
letter• David, who won first prize in the lottery, has received more than 100 letters from charities asking for money.• I got a letter from Anna today.• Blackwell said in a letter last week sent to the Union-Tribune.• In a letter dated May 10th, the US government protested about the use of force in the republics.• Write me a letter and tell me all your news!• Hamlin wrote a letter to the council, complaining about the incident.• By his second year, he said, nearly 30 schools were sending him letters.• Impassioned letters to Onegin: 1.• Two other letters of Anselm during Osbern's disciplinary exile at Bec complete the story of their first meeting.• Which is the one that has been informed of the letter?• When Shevardnadze produced the letter and handed it to the President, Reagan placed it unopened on the table beside his chair.
letter from/to• We enclose a letter to you sent in our care from the Wendell Trust Company.• There was a letter to the immigration depart-ment about harassing skilled employees on-site.• Discussion of mass resignation and letters to the papers.• In the prisoners' case, letters to the authorities should be worded carefully and courteously.• Naturally no expression of that shows through the decorous playfulness of her letters to him.• He mailed his last love letter to Gabriella from Plymouth in 1947.• Massine took this theme from Tchaikovsky's own letters to his patron in which he described a composer's search for ideas.• In the late afternoon of March 15 John Wade received a short letter from Kathy.
capital letters• Some one wrote in all capital letters that unqualified disabled workers were slacking off and getting special privileges.• She labelled them neatly, writing the addresses in ball point pen and capital letters.• His financial transactions during the start-up period are listed below in the first column and are identified by capital letters.• There were seven lines of type at the very top, all in capital letters, done on a computer.• The Fundamental Principle, proclaimed in capital letters with definite reference implying definitive solution.• Sequences in capital letters are exons, while lower case letters indicate intron sequences.• Baseline the line on which the bases of capital letters sit.• Another thing Nisodemus was good at was giving words capital letters.
Related topics: Education, Sport
letter2 verb  
1  [transitiveT] to write, draw, paint etc letters or words on something 把字(母)写[画，绘]于
 The card was neatly lettered P. A. DUFFY.
卡片上工整地写着P. A. DUFFY。
be lettered in something
 Several pages are lettered in gold.
有几页用的是烫金字。
n Grammar
Letter is usually passive in this meaning.
2  [intransitiveI] American EnglishAmESEDS to earn a letter1(5) in a sport 获得校名首字母标志奖励
letter in
 He lettered in basketball at Brandeis.
他在布兰德斯大学校篮球队获得了校名首字母标志奖励。
Examples from the Corpus
letter• He makes signs and letters business vans.• Alexander played piano, lettered in basketball and tennis and excelled as a student leader.• LaRue, a 3. 3 engineering student, has also lettered in football and baseball.
letter in• I lettered in track my senior year.
From Longman Business Dictionary
letterlet·ter /ˈletə-ər/ noun [countableC]
1a written or printed message that is usually put in an envelope and sent by mail
Please sign the letter and mail it back within two weeks.
→ allocation letter → appointment letter → comfort letter → covering letter → engagement letter → form letter
2any of the signs in writing or printing that represent a speech sound
the letter ‘A’
3do something to the letter to pay exact attention to the details of an agreement, rule, set of instructions etc
In order for the plan to work, you need to follow the instructions to the letter.
4LAW the letter of the law the exact words of a law or agreement rather than the intended or general meaning
an administrator with a rigid adherence to the letter of the law
Origin letter1
(1200-1300) Old French lettre, from Latin littera
let·ter1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1letter2 verb →n GRAMMAR1
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