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BNC: 38 COCA: 34

what

Word family 
what /wɒt $ wɑːt, wʌt/ ●●● S1 W1 pronoun , determiner , predeterminer → watt
1  used to ask for information or for someone’s opinion 什麽〔用於詢問信息或征求意見〕
What are you doing?
你在做什麽？
What subjects did you enjoy most?
你最喜歡什麽學科？
What colour is the new carpet?
新地毯是什麽顔色的？
What’s your new boss like?
你的新老板怎麽樣？
What do you think of my painting?
你覺得我的畫怎樣？
What do you mean, you want to spend Christmas alone?
你是什麽意思，你想一個人過聖誕節？
what on earth/in the world/in heaven’s name etc (=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc) 到底，究竟
What on earth’s going on?
到底發生了什麽事？
 USAGE: What, which
When there are only a small number of possible things or people, you use which, not what: 可選的人或物只有少數時用which，不用what
Which leg did he break?
他哪條腿骨折？
nWhich brother do you mean?
✗Don’t say:
What leg did he break? | What brother do you mean?
2  used to introduce a clause about something that is or was not known or not certain 什麽；什麽事〔用於引導疑問從句〕
No one knows exactly what happened.
沒人確切地知道發生了什麽事。
It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.
不清楚有多少人認同這些觀點。
what to do/say/expect etc
They’re discussing what to do next.
他們正在討論下一步怎麽辦。
3  the thing which …的東西[事情]
Show me what you bought.
給我看看你買的東西。
I believe what he told me.
我相信他對我說的話。
I could get you a job here if that’s what you want.
我可以給你在這裏找份工作，如果這就是你想要的。
What he did was morally wrong.
他的行爲很缺德。
She gave him what money she had (=all the money she had, although she did not have much).
她把她僅有的錢全都給了他。
n Grammar
What is not a relative pronoun and should not be used to begin a clause after a noun or pronoun. Use that instead. You say: what不是關系代詞，不可用在名詞或代詞後引導從句
There are so many things that can go wrong.
有許多事情都可能會出錯。
✗Don’t say: There are so many things what can go wrong.
4  EMPHASIZEused at the beginning of a statement to emphasize what you are going to say …的是…〔用在陳述句的開始，強調準備說的内容〕
What that kid needs is some love and affection.
那個孩子需要的是一些愛和關懷。
What we’ll do is leave a note for Mum to tell her we won’t be back till late.
我們要做的是給媽媽留一張便條，告訴她我們要很晚才回來。
What matters is the British people and British jobs.
重要的是英國的人民和英國的就業機會。
 SPOKEN PHRASES → what does it matter? at matter2(3), → what does somebody care at care2(6), → have what it takes at take1(4), → I/I’ll tell you what at tell(13), → guess what at guess1(6)
Examples from the Corpus
what• What a mean thing to say!• What are you doing?• What did you say?• I'm not sure what I can do to help you.• What I need is a nice hot bath.• What kind of dog is that?• She gave him what money she had.• What nice weather we're having!• They're discussing what to do next.• Let me see what you've got in the box.
what to do/say/expect etc• He pinched some out and cleaned it on a crumpled paper bag, not knowing what to say.• Oh? says Blue, having no idea what to expect.• When his oration ended, the rector felt sufficiently relieved to try and figure out what to do.• It is not a simple matter of informing people what to do as you seem to think.• If you would like further advice on what to do, contact your Citizens Advice Bureau.• If you take it, I shall hear, and you know what to expect, don't you?• Building codes have been adjusted, and the public has been educated about what to do when an earthquake strikes.• The question that is left is what to do with the balance of Susan's equity in the partnership.
what?
a) REPEATused to ask someone to repeat something they have just said because you did not hear it properly 什麽？〔因沒有聽清楚而要求對方重複所說的話〕
‘Could you turn the music down a bit?’ ‘What?’
“你能不能把音樂調低一點？”“什麽？”
b) CONTINUE/START AGAINused when you have heard someone calling to you and you are asking them what they want 什麽事？〔因對方召喚而作出應答〕
‘Elaine!’ ‘What?’ ‘Come on!’
“伊萊恩！”“什麽事？”“快一點！”
c) SURPRISEDused to show that you are surprised or shocked by something that someone has just said 什麽？〔對他人所說的話表示驚訝或震驚〕
‘I think I’ve lost my passport.’ ‘What?’
“我想我護照丢了。”“什麽？”
Examples from the Corpus
what?• "I went to the store and bought some new shoes." "You went to the store and what?"
Origin what
Old English hwæt

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