defile
Word family verbdefiladedefilenoundefilementdefiler
de·file1 /dɪˈfaɪl/ verb [transitiveT] formal BAD BEHAVIOUR OR ACTIONSto make something less pure and good, especially by showing no respect 污损,污染,亵渎 Hallam’s tomb had been defiled and looted. 哈勒姆的坟墓遭到了亵渎和洗劫。
de·file2 /dɪˈfaɪl, ˈdiːfaɪl/ noun [countableC] formal Origin defile (1300-1400) defoul “to crush with the feet, make dirty” ((13-17 centuries)), from Old French defouler, from fouler “to step on”