without
Word family prepositionwithoutenwithout
with·out /wɪðˈaʊt $ wɪðˈaut, wɪθˈaʊt/ ●●● S1 W1 prepositionprep , adverb 1 NOT HAVEnot having something, especially something that is basic or necessary 缺乏,没有〔尤指基本或必要之物〕 After the storm we were without electricity for five days. 暴风雨之后我们断电了五天。
a house without a garden 不带花园的房子
We passed two ruined abbeys, one with a tower and one without. 我们路过两座破落的寺院,一座有塔楼,另一座没有。
I’m getting used to managing without a car. 我已经习惯没有汽车了。
→ do without at do2, → go without at go1 2 NOT HAVEused to say that a particular thing has not happened when someone does something 〔某事〕在没有…的情况下〔发生〕 Suddenly and without any warning, the army opened fire. 没有任何警告,军队突然开火了。
He had gone out without his parents’ permission. 他未经父母同意便出去了。
I accepted his offer without a moment’s hesitation. 我毫不犹豫地接受了他的提议。
I got to my destination without too much difficulty. 我没费太大周折就到达了目的地。
without doing something ‘What do you expect?’ he said, without looking at her. “你指望什么呢?”他看也不看她说道。
Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office (=he did not even say thank you as he should have done). 本连一个谢字都没说,转身就回到了办公室。
3 not feeling or showing that you feel a particular emotion 没有,不带〔某种感情〕 He told his story without anger or bitterness. 他讲述了自己的故事,没有怒气,也没有怨恨。
4 NOT HAVEALONEnot being with someone, or not having them to help you, especially someone you like or need 无,没有〔人相伴或给予帮助〕 I don’t know what I’d do without you. 我不知道没有你我该怎么办。
Won’t you be lonely without her? 没有她你不会寂寞吗?
The rest of the group set off without him. 队里的其他人出发了,只留下他一人。
5 without wanting/wishing to do something EMPHASIZEused before a criticism, complaint, or other statement to make it less strong 不想/不愿意做某事〔用于批评、投诉或其他陈述之前,使语气委婉〕 Without wanting to sound too boastful, I think we have the best television programmes in the world. 我并不是想吹嘘,我确实觉得我们有世界上最精彩的电视节目。
→ reckon without at reckon without doing something• For fifty years, she did her job without complaining. Origin without Old English withutan