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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 340 COCA: 502

action

Word family 
ac·tion1 /ˈækʃən/ ●●● S1 W1 noun
1  doing STH 做某事 [uncountableU] the process of doing something, especially in order to achieve a particular thing 行動
The government must take action (=do something) now to stop the rise in violent crime.
政府現在必須采取行動遏止暴力犯罪的上升。
action on
Environmental groups want tougher action on pollution from cars.
環境保護團體希望對汽車污染采取更嚴厲的措施。
She was looking forward to putting her ideas into action (=doing the things she had planned).
她盼望着將自己的想法付諸實施。
Ambulance crews are ready to spring into action (=suddenly start doing something) if anything goes wrong during the race.
救護車急救人員随時準備出動，以應對比賽期間發生的意外。
2  STH done 所做的事DO [countableC] something that someone does 行爲，作爲
quick/swift/prompt action
Her prompt actions probably saved my life.
她敏捷的行動很可能救了我一命。
The child could not be held responsible for his actions (=he was too young to be blamed for them).
不能要求這個小孩對自己的行爲負責。
defend/justify your action(s)
The chief of police tried to justify his actions.
警察局長試圖爲自己的行爲辯解。
3  in action DOsomeone or something that is in action is doing the job or activity they are trained or designed to do 在工作；在活動；在運轉
photos of ski jumpers in action
跳台滑雪者跳下時的照片
see/watch something/somebody in action
I’d like to see the new computer system in action.
我希望看到新的計算機系統運行起來。
Examples from the Corpus
in action• It's a chance for students to see a court in action.• The advertisement shows two firefighters in action putting out a blaze.• I've heard a lot about his dancing - I'd love to see him in action.• I had seen him in action during the San Jose strike, and I was very impressed.• These photos show the ski jumpers in action.• a memorial to the thousands of soldiers killed in action
4  out of action BROKEN
a) broken and not working 失靈，發生故障
The photocopier is out of action again.
複印機又出故障了。
b) injured and unable to do anything 〔受傷而〕不能做事
put/keep somebody out of action
The injury will keep him out of action for a month.
這次受傷將使他一個月無法做事。
Examples from the Corpus
out of action• She sustained a mild concussion in the game against the Xplosion, and was held out of action.• These were strategic points: a bombed bridge could put the line out of action for as long as a year.• I dropped my M 16 into the mud and was out of action for a few minutes.• A few moments later the two photographers came sheepishly to tell me that the video camera was out of action.
5  fighting 戰鬥WAR [uncountableU] fighting during a war 戰鬥
There have been reports of widespread enemy action in the area.
據報敵軍在該地區開展大規模行動。
killed/wounded in action (=killed or wounded while fighting) 陣亡/戰鬥中負傷
His father was killed in action in Vietnam.
他的父親在越戰中陣亡。
530 servicemen were reported missing in action (=they were never seen again after a battle).
據報有530名軍人在戰鬥中失蹤。
The men were sent into action with little or no training.
這些男子被送上戰場時幾乎沒有或根本未經訓練。
nHe had seen action (=been involved in fighting) in Korea.
5He had seen action (= been involved in fighting ) in France.
他在法國打過仗。
► see thesaurus at war
6  legal 法律上的 [countableC, uncountableU] a legal or formal process to decide whether someone has done something wrong 訴訟
They are threatening to take legal action against the hospital (=start a court case against them).
他們揚言要起訴這家醫院。
The director faces disciplinary action (=official action to punish him).
那位董事面臨紀律處分。
The matter is now the subject of a court action (=a court case).
此事現在成了一樁訴訟的爭議事項。
The students agreed to drop their action (=decided not to continue with a court case or an official complaint).
學生們同意撤訴。
The sisters brought a libel action against the newspaper (=started a court case).
那家姐妹起訴報社诽謗。
7  excitement 激動 [uncountableU]
a) informal exciting things that are happening 令人激動的事
There hasn’t been much action around here for months.
幾個月來這裏沒有發生多少有意思的事。
New York is where all the action is.
紐約是最繁華喧鬧的地方。
b) an action film has a lot of exciting scenes in it, in which people fight, chase, and kill each other 〔電影〕有許多打鬥刺激鏡頭的
Gibson became famous in action movies.
吉布森演動作片出了名。
a TV action hero
一個電視動作片男主角
8  the events in a story/film etc 故事/電影等中的情節the action STORYthe events in a story, film, play etc 情節
Most of the action takes place in San Francisco.
大部分情節發生在舊金山。
The action opens (=starts) in a barbershop.
故事在一家理發店拉開序幕。
Examples from the Corpus
the action• In "Hamlet, " the action takes place in Denmark.
9  movement 活動MOVE/CHANGE POSITION [countableC, uncountableU] the way something moves or works 動作；功能
action of
the action of the heart
心髒功能
a smooth braking action
平穩的制動過程
10  effect 作用EFFECT/INFLUENCE [uncountableU] the effect that a substance, especially a chemical, has on something 〔尤指化學物的〕作用
action of
The drug blocks the action of the cancer gene.
這種藥能遏制癌症基因的作用。
action on/upon
the action of alcohol on the liver
酒精對肝髒的影響
11  action group/committee etc SSOa group formed to change a social or political situation – often used in names 行動小組/委員會等〔常用於名稱〕
the Child Poverty Action Group
兒童貧困行動小組
Examples from the Corpus
action group/committee etc• They've formed an action committee to try to recover the funds.• Under the Apostolic listing are prison visiting, family contacts, catechism classes, Catholic action groups and Sunday schools.• Members of a local action group say this isn't good enough.• Traffickers have become a political action committee.• Members of political action committees might have hoped for a little breather before being hit up again for money.• Political action committees, which are more active in congressional races, represented only 2 percent of the presidential campaign coffers.• A shareholders action committee has been formed to see if any value can be obtained.• Outhwaite names' champion Peter Nutting is to head a new working party to co-ordinate syndicate action groups.
12  a piece/slice of the action informal an opportunity to be involved in an event or activity, especially one that will be enjoyable or will make money 參與，插手〔尤指爲了玩樂、賺錢〕
If you want a slice of the action, tickets may still be available.
要是你們想一起去，可能還有票。
Examples from the Corpus
a piece/slice of the action• A police station, so help me, is a piece of the action.• His successors never again ran the town, as he did, but they always had a piece of the action.• If you want a slice of the action tickets may still be available on.• If you want to get a slice of the action book early - no kidding.• Nation shall speak peace unto nation, and I shall grab a piece of the action.• Or did evil Uncle Humbert destroy it, because under the law he would then get a piece of the action?• So how do you get a slice of the action?• Will foreign firms get a piece of the action?
13. actions speak louder than words DOused to say that you are judged by what you do, and not by what you say 行動勝於言辭
Examples from the Corpus
actions speak louder than words• On this playing field, actions speak louder than words.• In the kitchen, actions speak louder than words.• In any event the user's opinion of a product is reflected in the standard achieved so actions speak louder than words.• As ever, though, actions speak louder than words.
n14. → action!
→ affirmative action
 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: the process of doing something, especially in order to achieve a particular thing 行動
verbs
take action (=do something to deal with a problem) 采取行動
The government must take action to control inflation.
政府必須采取行動控制通貨膨脹。
demand/call for action (=ask forcefully) 強烈要求采取行動
Voters are demanding tougher action on gun crime.
選民強烈要求對涉槍犯罪采取更嚴厲的措施。
swing/spring/leap into action (=suddenly start doing something) 突然行動起來
nThe fire crew immediately swung into action.
put something into action (=start doing something you have planned to do) 將某事付諸實施
She was looking forward to putting her plans into action.
她盼望着將自己的想法付諸實施。
nThe committee uses the expertise of local organisations to put these ideas into action.
adjectives
immediate/prompt/swift action 迅速的行動
The public wants immediate action to stop the terrorists.
民衆希望立即采取措施阻止恐怖分子的活動。
urgent action (=that needs to be done immediately) 緊急行動
The Opposition called for urgent action to reduce unemployment.
反對黨要求采取緊急措施降低失業率。
firm/tough action 堅決/嚴厲措施
We need firm action to deal with the problem.
我們需要采取堅決措施來解決這個問題。
decisive action (=that has a big effect on the way something develops) 決定性的措施
nWe are urging the international community to take decisive action on debt relief.
drastic action (=that has a very severe effect) 嚴厲措施
nThe president decided to take drastic action.
further action 進一步措施
nNo further action is necessary.
direct action (=that is aimed at making a government or company do something) 直接行動
nIn a bid to stop whale hunting, Greenpeace have threatened direct action.
political action 政治行動
nSome forms of political action are more effective than others.
industrial/strike action (=that workers take in order to protest about pay, working conditions etc) 勞工/罷工行動
nThe miners voted in favour of industrial action.
joint action (=that two or more countries, organizations etc take together) 聯合行動
nCommunity leaders agreed to take joint action on scientific, social and environmental issues.
phrases
a course of action 行動步驟
Have you decided on a course of action?
行動方案你決定了嗎？
a plan of action 行動計劃
The General outlined his plan of action for the campaign.
將軍概述了他的作戰計劃。
nEnvironmental groups have put forward an action plan.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 5: fighting during a war 戰鬥
phrases
be killed/wounded in action (=killed or wounded while fighting)
Four of her sons have been killed in action.
be missing in action (=used to say that a soldier has not returned after a battle and their body has not been found)
A further 9,000 allied military personnel are still officially listed as missing in action.
verbs
see action (=be involved in fighting)
By the time he was 20 he’d seen action in the Gulf War and Bosnia.
go into action
American soldiers are going into action against the Mujahadin.
be sent into action
He declared that French soldiers will not be sent into action in Iraq.
adjectives
military action
America is not ruling out military action against Iran.
enemy action
The ship was damaged by enemy action.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 6: a legal or formal process to decide whether someone has done something wrong 訴訟
adjectives
legal action
The singer threatened legal action against the magazine.
court action
The couple are still considering whether to take court action.
a libel action (=taken against someone who has written or printed untrue statements about you)
Judge Johan Kreigler dismissed a libel action brought against two newspapers.
a civil action (=involving business or property, rather than a crime)
The victim can seek damages in a civil action.
verbs
take legal action
He is within his rights to take legal action.
face legal action
The council demanded that we remove the posters, or face legal action.
bring a legal action
Justice Mayor ruled that she cannot bring a legal action for damages against the plaintiff.
n THESAURUS – Meaning 2: something that someone does
action noun [countableC] something that someone does
He is responsible for his own actions.
They refused to give a reason for their actions.
act noun [countableC] a particular type of action
violent acts
| act of violence/kindness/defiance etc
I believe the killing was an act of desperation.
activities noun [plural] things that people do, especially for enjoyment or to achieve an aim
leisure activities
political activities
Surveys may not give a true picture of people’s activities.
behaviour British EnglishBrE, behavior American EnglishAmE noun [uncountableU] the things that someone does and the way they behave
Do you think that advertisements really influence people’s behaviour?
The man’s behaviour seemed rather odd.
move noun [countableC] something that you do in order to achieve something
Her decision to sell the shares had been a smart move.
It’s a bold move to start a business in the current economic climate.
He needed time to figure out his next move.
step noun [countableC] one of a series of things that you do in order to deal with a problem or to succeed
The first step is to make sure we have got funding for the project.
We must take steps to make sure that this does not happen again.
This is an important step towards peace.
measure noun [countableC] an official action that is intended to deal with a particular problem
There are increased security measures at airports.
The school was closed as a precautionary measure following a chemical leak.
gesture noun [countableC] something that you do to show how you feel about someone or something
Do you think it would be a nice gesture to send her some flowers?
| gesture of goodwill/solidarity/defiance
The company gave us £100 as a gesture of goodwill.
deed noun [countableC] especially literary an action, especially one that is very good or very bad
evil deeds
heroic deeds
This is my good deed for the day.
exploits noun [plural] formal exciting or brave actions
daring exploits
His exploits were legendary.
feat noun [countableC] something someone does that people admire because you need a lot of skill, courage, or strength to do it
Completing a marathon is a remarkable feat for a six-year-old.
The bridge is a great feat of engineering.
Examples from the Corpus
action• an action-adventure movie• Bedell's financial problems do not excuse his actions.• The child could not be held responsible for his actions.• The manager is master only of his actions, not the outcomes of those actions.• Some senators are urging military action.• It's been politics as usual - all talk and no action.• But the betting is the central bank will take no action on interest rates at that time.• There was only one possible course of action - he had to resign.• The agency has promised action on the pollution problem for years, but nothing has happened.• Ben's prompt action probably saved my life.• It's got a repeating action.• The clock's action needs to be adjusted.• Strong action is needed to restore law and order.• The rock had been worn away by the action of the falling water.• Jansen recounts the battle by describing the action on a pair of screens that the winner gave his daughter.• You can't be blamed for the actions of your parents.• Eventually we must try to decide whether even these theories are rich enough to govern the actions of our brains and minds.• When the action ended, there were terrible losses on both sides.• the action of the heart• These actions followed a Journal article in August that raised questions about the accuracy of company statements about its business affairs.• In bringing this action, we did what we had to do.• the horse's trotting action
take action• The President may step in and take action to lower energy prices.• In becoming the best companies it is these attitudes that they seek out and take action to change.• Unless governments take action, the Earth's atmosphere will continue to heat up.• The third step is taking action about the concerns that are discussed.• Police are not taking action until they know whether the men face charges.• This meant that cases were sent where, clearly, the D.P.P. would not take action.• What kind of reinforcement did you and others provide the person when he or she took action?• Congress is expected to take action on campaign finance reform soon.• The police were criticized for failing to take action during the riots.• His narrow escape at Petit-Clamart finally convinced the General that it was time to take action to meet both dangers at once.• The school will take strong action against any students using illegal drugs.• In some cases we will take action against you which could lead to you being dismissed.• Most people would take action in those circumstances.
quick/swift/prompt action• It will prevent the taking of prompt action to improve failing schools.• Some pretty quick action had taken place and she had no doubt at all as to who had been issuing orders.• Wall Street wants Greenspan to take quick action to boost the flagging economy.• Elliot realized that prompt action was necessary, as did Anson Jones, president of the Republic of Texas.• Speaking at a packed fringe meeting, however, Mr Heseltine urged quick action.• With swift action and investment from all the industrialised nations, acid rain could become a thing of the past.• Without prompt action, the zoo may be the only place where a safari is possible.
enemy action• Always known as Wesley's Cottage it was destroyed by enemy action in May 1941.• Sadly, he says, all the actual trophies were destroyed by enemy action during the war.• Between 1939 and 1945,80,000 men, women and children were killed by enemy action on the Home Front.• He showed great fortitude and tenacity in carrying on his professional work in spite of adversity resulting from enemy action.
take legal action• The Commission is also taking legal action against most other member countries over water quality.• Citizens' groups are taking legal action to prevent the expansion of the freeway.• But of the 28,000 names affected by this scandal, 16,000 are currently taking legal action.• Even those who did take legal action received little advantage from it.• Cheltzie Hentz is taking legal action against two fellow primary school pupils after they swore at her on a bus.• That's where legal expenses insurance helps - it protects against the cost of taking legal action.• He asked that Woods' office take legal action to kill the district.• Section 47 imposes a positive duty on investigating authorities to see the child and to take legal action if access is denied.• The government will also provide a platform for farmers to take legal action against retailers if they feel they are being exploited.
action hero• As an action hero, Fletcher fails miserably in this endeavor.• Just ask Scratchman, the goofy action hero who crusades for truth, justice and the Texas Lottery.
action on/upon• Physical knowledge is knowledge of properties of objects and is derived from actions on objects.• The secretary of war approved his action on October 7,1837.• Following an hourlong hearing, a three-member panel of judges took no immediate action on the lawsuit.• The organisation which is gifted with intelligence shows it by arranging its actions on a certain plan ...• Logical-mathematical knowledge is knowledge constructed from physical or mental actions on objects.• It could never take regulatory action on the basis of a criticism or a complaint alone.• The sanding action on all the surfaces we tested was excellent.• Now he turned the sound down and watched the action on the screen.
action!
AMFused by film directors to give the instruction to begin filming 開拍！〔電影導演下令開始拍攝時用語〕
Lights, camera, action!
燈光，攝影，開拍！
action2 verb [transitiveT] formal
to do a specific thing that needs to be done, especially after discussing it 就…進行處理，對…采取行動
How are we actually going to action these objectives?
我們究竟如何實現這些目標呢？
From Longman Business Dictionary
actionac·tion /ˈækʃən/ noun
1[countableC, uncountableU] when someone does something in order to deal with a problem or difficult situation
The government’s action was prompted by shortages of foreign exchange.
We must take action to make our shares accessible to a broader segment of the investing public.
→ see also right of action
→ affirmative action → direct action → industrial action → job action → secondary action → strike action
2[uncountableU] when important things happen, for example when there is a lot of buying or selling or prices rise or fall
The tax cut was intended to restore some market action in the banking and real-estate sectors.
3[countableC, uncountableU]LAW the process of taking a case or a claim against someone to a court of law
They began an action to repossess the house.
When the loan was not repaid, he threatened legal action.
They will bring an action against him if he does not repay the loan.
→ class action → frivolous action → personal action
Origin action
(1300-1400) Old French Latin actio, from agere; → ACT1

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