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operation

Word family 
Related topics: Hospital, Business basics, Technology, Military, Police, Computers, Illness & disability, Nurses, doctors, etc
op·e·ra·tion /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən $ ˌɑːp-/ ●●● S1 W1 noun
1  medical 醫療的 [countableC]MH the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged 手術
operation on
She’s going to need an operation on her ankle.
她需要接受腳踝手術。
operation for
an operation for cancer
癌症手術
operation to do something
He had an operation to reduce the swelling in his brain.
他做了個手術以減輕腦部水腫。
2  business/organization 企業/機構 [countableC]BBBUSINESS a business, company, or organization 企業，公司，機構
The firm set up its own property development operation.
這家商行成立了自己的房地産開發公司。
a microchip manufacturing operation
微芯片生産企業
Nolan and Barnes were both involved in the operation.
諾蘭和巴恩斯都參與了公司經營。
3  work/activities 工作/活動 [countableC, uncountableU]BBWORK THAT somebody DOES the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work 經營；業務
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.
許多小企業在經營的第一年就倒閉了。
The Education Business Partnership has been in operation since 1989.
教育商業合作組織從1989年起開始運營。
4  actions 行動 [countableC]DO something/TAKE ACTION a set of planned actions or activities for a particular purpose 〔爲了專門目的而組織的〕行動
The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.
聯合國的救援行動在破曉後不久就開始了。
5  machine/system 機器/系統 [uncountableU]TWORKING/NOT BROKEN the way the parts of a machine or system work together, or the process of making a machine or system work 運轉，運行，操作
The aircraft’s engine operation was normal.
飛機引擎運轉正常。
in operation
Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.
機器運轉時，必須穿着防護服。
The device has a single button, allowing for easy operation.
這個裝置只有一個按鈕，操作簡便。
Careful checks must be made before the factory commences operation.
工廠開始運營之前必須進行仔細檢查。
The new investment system came into operation in 1999.
這套新的投資系統於1999年開始運作。
6  principle/law/plan etc 原理/定律/計劃等 [uncountableU]EFFECT/INFLUENCE the way something such as a principle or law works or has an effect 作用，效力
in operation
a clear example of the law of gravity in operation
萬有引力定律産生作用的明顯例子
come/go into operation (=begin to have an effect) 開始産生作用
The new rule comes into operation on February 1.
新規定於2月1日起生效。
put/bring something into operation (=make something start to work) 使某事物開始工作[生效]
A scheme is being brought into operation to see how these changes would work.
正在實施一項方案以觀察這些變革會産生什麽作用。
7  military/police action 軍事/警方行動 [countableC]PMSCP a planned military or police action, especially one that involves a lot of people 〔尤指涉及衆多人員的〕軍事行動，警方行動
Britain will carry out a joint military operation with the US.
英國將與美國實施聯合軍事行動。
8. computers 計算機 [countableC]TD an action done by a computer 〔計算機的〕運算
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
have an operation (also undergo an operation formal) 接受手術
Harris had a hip operation in October.
哈裏斯在10月接受了髋部手術。
nShe has undergone 50 operations since birth.
do/carry out an operation (also perform an operation formal) 施行手術
The operation was carried out by a team of surgeons at Papworth Hospital.
手術由帕普沃思醫院的一個外科醫生小組施行。
nI’ve done this operation hundreds of times.
recover from an operation 術後恢複
nA man is recovering from an emergency operation after his pet dog attacked him.
survive an operation 挺過手術
nOnly one person has survived an operation to implant an artificial heart.
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + operation
a knee/heart/stomach etc operation 膝部/心髒/胃部等手術
He is almost back to full fitness after a knee operation.
他做過一個膝部手術，現已幾乎完全康複。
a major/minor operation 大/小手術
The unit cares for patients recovering from major operations.
該監護室護理大手術後待恢複的病人。
an emergency operation 緊急手術
He had to have his spleen removed in an emergency operation.
他不得不接受緊急手術，切除脾髒。
a routine operation (=an operation that is often performed) 常規[普通]手術
na routine operation to remove an appendix
a life-saving operation 挽救生命的手術
nThe child underwent a life-saving operation to remove a blockage in her stomach.
a transplant operation 移植手術
nHe is too weak to undergo a transplant operation.
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘take an operation’. Say have an operation.
不要說 ‘take an operation’. 而要說 have an operation.
Don’t say ‘make an operation’. Say do an operation or perform an operation.
不要說 ‘make an operation’. 而要說 do an operation 或 perform an operation.
n THESAURUS
operation noun [countableC] the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged
He had an operation to remove a blood clot from his brain.
procedure noun [countableC] an operation performed in a particular way on a particular part of the body. Procedure is used especially in medical English, for example by doctors and people who work in hospitals. In everyday English people usually say operation
a common surgical procedure
The procedure normally only takes a few minutes.
transplant noun [countableC] an operation to remove an organ from one person’s body and put it into another person’s body
There is a shortage of donors for heart transplants.
She had to have a kidney transplant.
surgery noun [uncountableU] medical treatment involving an operation
She required surgery on her right knee.
He was taken in for surgery.
plastic surgery noun [uncountableU] surgery to improve someone’s appearance
The singer has just had plastic surgery on her nose.
bypass noun [countableC] an operation to make someone’s blood flow past a part of their heart that is blocked or damaged, often using a vein that has been removed from another part of their body
He went into hospital for a triple heart bypass.
skin graft an operation to repair an area of skin that has been badly damaged, especially using skin from another part of someone’s body
Her leg was severely burned and may require a skin graft.
Examples from the Corpus
operation• I had an operation on my knee last year.• The doctor says I must have an operation.• Such procedures should aim to ensure efficient operation and the provision of fresh, clean air.• She runs one of the most powerful lobbying operations in Washington.• One such initiative is that presented by the application of advanced expert systems to aircraft maintenance operations.• In a joint U.S.-Mexican operation, police arrested 28 people on charges of drug-smuggling.• The new chip can process millions of operations per second.• These are the lottery's worst results since its first year of operation.• a big rescue operation• As part of the rescue operation it left control of the banks with the minority shareholders.• a profitable data storage operation• He criticised the agency's surveillance operations, and alleged that it was incompetent.• Tell the mechanic to check the operation of the ignition system.• The rules governing the operation of military housing covered 800 pages.• Chris Miller is the operations supervisor for Fast Drains.• Through a second group of functions, government supplements and modifies the operation of the market system.• Ask the surgeon how many times he has performed the operation before, and with what success.• the operation of the laws of gravity• It's not known if the patrol which spotted the stolen car was part of this operation.• a throat operation
operation on• She says she resents critics who blame her operation for all of their problems.• The client identifier should be noted carefully and either the identifier or the title used in all further operations for this client.• The security operation for the protection of delegates involved about 12,000 police.• They will then switch to rack operation for the climb to Monserrat.• His League career ended prematurely last season when he lost three pieces of bone in an operation on his right ankle.• In a relational system, the result of any operation on one or more relations is itself a relation.• Many image-processing computer systems can perform a number of straight forward operations on the displayed image.• Each level relies for its operations on all the levels below it.
been in operation• A school pupil boycott had also been in operation since the beginning of the year.• This Republican coup recapitulated a pattern that had been in operation since the beginning of the 1990s.• It has been in operation for 100 years and is proceeding at a very slow rate.• The new prefilter has been in operation for 4 weeks now with no alteration of flow.• An interim ground water removal system has been in operation for several years, removing 7 millions gallons of contaminated water.• Essentially this document brings a process which has been in operation since 1980 into line with the accreditation agreement with the Council.• Had the system been accepted the first commercial power satellite might have been in operation by 2010.• This runs through an existing tunnel, but it has not been in operation since 1970.
came into operation• A ceasefire came into operation in May and all serious fighting stopped.• Danzig's first railway connection from Bromberg to the city's Main Gate, came into operation in 1852.• In April 1990 reforms came into operation which addressed the first but not the second elements of concern outlined above.• The system came into operation last week at Cleveland County Council's Middlesbrough headquarters.• Both taxes came into operation at the time when the land and property boom turned into a slump.• The tariff which came into operation in 1880 was a direct response.
put/bring something into operation• Concrete modes of putting this into operation were discussed by a commission and put into effect by June 1971.• He began to write down the questions he needed answered in order to put his plan into operation.• The engine is started on petrol, with just enough suction to bring the gasifier into operation.• We put our plan into operation and stopped the car.• So it is with principles identified by evaluation and the techniques which put them into operation.
military operation• No member state will have to take part in a military operation if it does not want to.• This is not a military operation.• It had become difficult for him to imagine anything other than a successful outcome to his diplomatic and military operations.• The slaves gathered on August 30,1800, but disbanded because a violent storm and flood made military operations impossible.• After weeks of planning, the first phase of the military operation went well.• The military operation, on April 25,1980, was poorly planned and badly executed.
From Longman Business Dictionary
operationop·e·ra·tion /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənˌɑː-/ noun
1[uncountableU] the way the parts of a machine, system etc work together, or the process of making a machine, system etc work
the design and operation of specialized equipment
2in/into operationMANUFACTURING if something is in operation, or is put into operation, it is working or is made to start working
The nuclear plants in operation produce 400,000 megawatts.
The new subway lines are scheduled togo into operation at the end of the year.
The manufacturer put a $120 million joint venture in Hungaryinto operation last March.
3[countableC]COMMERCEORGANIZATIONS a business activity or company
It claimed to be the only European commuter rail operation not supported by public money.
4[countableC] a part of a large business or company that does a particular activity or type of work
Its West European operations have emerged as the biggest profit earners in the entire group.
The business has been able to shed its loss-making operations.
This move strengthens the company’s retailing operations in the Netherlands.
5[countableC, uncountableU]COMMERCE the process of operating as a business
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.
The publishing house ceased operations in 1998.
The firm is still in operation.
6operations [plural]FINANCE a company’s normal activities related to providing services or producing goods, rather than other actions with financial effects, such as selling assets
The company reported earnings from operations of about 88 cents a share.
7[countableC]FINANCE the action of buying or selling somethingSYN TRANSACTION
Their purchase was not the straightforward financial operation they claimed.
8come into operation/put something into operation when a law, system, or rule comes into operation, it starts having an effect or being used
The new rule comes into operation on 1 February.
We hope to put the new regulations into operation immediately.
9[countableC]COMPUTING an action done by a computer or a machine
Several operations can be carried out by the program at the same time.
10[countableC] a set of actions, usually involving a large number of people, that are planned to achieve a particular purpose
a salvage operation
The construction and administration of questionnaires is a highly skilled operation.

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