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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

導出

course

Word family

Related topics: College, Food, Sport, Geography

course1 /kɔːs $ kɔːrs/ S1 W1 noun → coarse

1 of course

a) KNOW somethingused to show that what you are saying is expected or already known and so not surprising 當然，自然〔用於提及你認爲别人已經知道或應當知道的某事〕

You can pay by cheque, assuming of course you have a valid cheque card.

你可以用支票來支付，不過當然你必須有一張有效的支票保付卡。

Of course there are exceptions to every rule.

當然，每條規定都會有例外。

b) AGREE (also course informal) spoken used to say yes or to give permission politely 當然，當然可以〔用於禮貌地同意或允許某人〕

‘Can I have a word with you?’ ‘Of course.’

“我能否和你說句話？”“當然可以啦。”

‘Can you give me a lift?’ ‘Course, no problem.’

“你能讓我搭個便車嗎？”“當然可以，沒問題。”

c) (also course informal) spokenEMPHASIZETRUE used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct 當然〔用於強調你所說的是真的或正確的〕

Of course he’ll come!

他當然會來的！

well/but of course

Well of course I love you.

我當然愛你。

Examples from the Corpus

well/but of course• It was an answer, but of course he had unremembered the question that invited it.• Both words are on the same page of the dictionary, but of course you know that.• The graphing procedure is the same as that previously explained, but of course the quantity data and relationship involved are different.• The woods were bright and sunny, the trees greening up nicely. But of course, that was just it!• I said. But of course in this light I could very clearly see he did.• Madge could see that Polly was still troubled, but of course she thought the whole problem was lack of roughage.• This is understandable, but of course it can make others wary of getting into conversation with you.

2 of course not (also course not informal) spokenUNTRUE used to say very strongly that something is not true or correct 當然不；決不

He asked his father if it was true. ‘Of course not, ’ Jack said.

他問他爸爸這是否是真的。“當然不是真的。”傑克說。

‘You don’t mind if I call her?’ ‘No, course not.’

“我給她打電話你不會介意吧？”“當然不會。”

Examples from the Corpus

of course not• Of course not all women are traditional.• Of course not, you dummy.• Of course not, you were too young.• Cooley sees some of it in everyone, of course not the same amounts in every person.• I mean, no, of course not.• No, of course not, how could you?• No, of course not, it was just a feeling she liked, a tiny, private freedom.• "Are you serious about Sam?" "Of course not, we're just good friends."• Two serious actors, though of course not at their most serious here.• "Don't tell anyone else, will you?" "Of course not."

3 LESSONSeducation 教育 [countableC]SEC

a) a series of lessons in a particular subject 課程 SYN American English class

Andy’s doing a one-year journalism course.

安迪正在修讀爲期一年的新聞課程。

course on/in

a course on architecture

建築學課程

I’m taking a course in graphic design.

我在上一門平面設計課程。

b) British EnglishBrE a period of study in a particular subject, especially at university 〔尤指大學裏某一門課的〕課程（時間） SYN American English program

a degree course in photography

攝影學位課程

Course is never followed by ‘of’. Don’t say ‘a course of Business Studies’. Say ‘a course in Business Studies’.

Course 後面不可跟 of。不要說 ‘a course of Business Studies’，而要說 ‘a course in Business Studies’(商科課程)。

4 time 時間 [singular]PERIOD OF TIME a period of time or process during which something happens 過程，進程，經過

during/in/throughout/over the course of something

During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison.

我們在談話過程中得知鮑勃坐過牢。

Over the course of the next few years, the steel industry was reorganized.

在接下來的幾年裏，鋼鐵工業進行了重組。

in the course of doing something

In the course of researching customer needs, we discovered how few families have adequate life insurance.

在研究客戶需求的過程中，我們發現購買足夠人壽險的家庭少之又少。

5 development 發展 [singular]NATURAL the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done 自然的進展；通常的過程

course of

forces that shape the course of evolution

影響進化過程的因素

Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his life.

遇到薩莉改變了他的一生。

in the normal/natural/ordinary course of events

In the normal course of events, a son would inherit from his father.

在正常情況下，兒子將繼承父親的財産。

take/run its course (=develop in the usual way and reach a natural end) 自然地發展，持續到自然結束

Relax and let nature take its course.

放鬆下來，順其自然吧。

It seems the boom in World Music has run its course.

“世界音樂”的繁榮似乎已經到了盡頭。

Gorbachev changed the course of Soviet history.

戈爾巴喬夫改變了蘇聯的歷史進程。

6 plans 計劃 [singular, uncountableU] the general plans someone has to achieve something or the general way something is happening 方針，總方向

They will go to any lengths to get the White House to change course.

他們將不遺餘力地促使白宮改變方針。

He will steer a middle course between pacifism and revolution.

他將在和平主義和革命之間采取中庸之道。

As long as the economy stays on course, the future looks rosy.

只要經濟正常發展，前景就是美好的。

7 ACTIONSactions 行動 [countableC usually singular]DEAL WITH an action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation 〔處理事件的〕行動方式；處理方式

I agreed that this was the only sensible course of action.

我同意這是唯一明智的處理方法。

take/decide on a course

The judge took the only course of action open to him.

法官采取了擺在他面前的唯一處理方式。

8 direction 方向 [countableC usually singular, uncountableU]TTWTTA the planned direction taken by a boat or plane to reach a place 〔船或飛機的〕航向

The plane changed course to avoid the storm.

飛機改變航向避開風暴。

on/off course (=going in the right or wrong direction) 航向正確/偏離航向

The ship was blown off course.

這艘船被風吹離了航道。

The aircraft was almost ten miles off course.

這架飛機差不多偏離了航向十英裏。

She tightened the mainsail while holding the course (=travelling in the same direction as planned).

她一邊保持航向一邊收緊主帆。

9 on course likely to achieve something because you have already had some success 〔因已取得一些成功〕可能成就〔某事〕

on course for

If he wins today, he’s on course for the Grand Slam.

他如果今天獲勝的話就可能赢得“大滿貫”。

on course to do something

We’re back on course to qualify for the championship.

我們又有可能打進錦標賽了。

Examples from the Corpus

back on course• The end of a lean spell for Wilkinson has put Boro back on course for the all-important second spot.• Has he gone too far out of bounds to get back on course?• However, an inexperienced interviewer may find it difficult to get back on course again.• As Lambert laboured to get back on course another blast flung him lopsided.• Matters are put right and the rocket is put back on course for the target.• Their relationship was right back on course.

10 meal 菜肴 [countableC]DF one of the separate parts of a meal 一道菜

three-course/five-course etc meal

The ticket includes entry and a four-course meal.

門票包括入場費和有四道菜的一餐飯。

first/second/main etc course

We had fish for the main course.

我們的主菜是魚。

11 sport 體育 [countableC]DS an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf 〔陸上或水上的〕賽場，賽道；高爾夫球場

a particularly difficult course

一個難度很大的賽道

an 18-hole course

一個18洞的高爾夫球場

→ assault course , obstacle course(1)

12 medical treatment 醫治 [countableC] especially British EnglishBrESERIES an amount of medicine or medical treatment that you have regularly for a specific period of time 療程

course of injections/drugs/treatment etc

a course of antibiotics

一個抗生素療程

13 in (the) course of time EVENTUALLYafter some or enough time has passed 終於；總有一天 SYN eventually

She’ll get used to school in the course of time.

她會逐漸適應學校生活的。

Examples from the Corpus

in (the) course of time• The critical question was: Why has life undergone this progressive development in the course of time?• Physical death follows in the course of time.• A literal offering of bread and wine has in the course of time been included in the eucharistic ritual.• As new species in the course of time are formed through natural selection, others will become rarer.• It has also been clearly established that in the course of time evaluation of particular variants can change or even be reversed.

14 river 河流 [countableC]SG the direction a river moves in 江河的流向

The course of the water was shown by a line of trees.

一排樹顯示了水道的方向。

15 wall 牆 [countableC]TBC a layer of bricks, stone etc in a wall 〔牆中磚、石等的〕層

a damp-proof course

防潮層

→ as a matter of course at matter1(20), → par for the course at par(3), → stay the course at stay1(7), → in due course at due1(4)

COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3:

verbs

take a course (also do a course British EnglishBrE) 修讀課程

I decided to do a course in Italian.

我決定修讀一門意大利語課程。

go on a course British EnglishBrE 參加課程

My company wanted me to go on a course in management skills.

我的公司希望我參加一門管理技能方面的課程。

pass/fail a course 通過/沒有通過課程

If you pass the course, you get a diploma in psychology.

如果課程及格，你就可以得到心理學文憑。

apply for a course 報讀課程

The following year she applied for a nursing course.

第二年，她報讀了一門護理學課程。

enrol on a course/put your name down for a course British EnglishBrE (=to arrange to officially join a course) 報名讀一門課程

nHow about enrolling on a sailing course?

attend a course formal (=take part in a course) 參加課程

nYou’ll have to attend a course on how to deal with customers on the phone.

withdraw from a course/drop out of a course (=leave it without finishing it) 退出課程

nShe had to withdraw from the course because of illness.

teach a course 教一門課程

nShe is teaching an introductory course in Russian.

run a course 開設課程

nThe course is run by the British Council.

noffer a course

The course is offered on a part-time basis.

nchange (your) course (=at university or college)

Some students choose to change their course after the first year.

ADJECTIVES/NOUN + course

a language/art/design etc course 語言/藝術/設計等課程

The school runs ten-week language courses three times a year.

該校一年三次開設爲期十周的語言課程。

a full-time/part-time course 全日制/兼讀制課程

There are also part-time courses for mature students.

另有爲大齡學生開設的兼讀制課程。

an elementary/intermediate/advanced course 初級/中級/高級課程

an advanced course in art and design

藝術與設計高級課程

a one-year/two-year etc course 一年期/兩年期等課程

She did a one-year teacher training course.

她上了一個一年期的教師培訓課程。

a short course 短期課程

nI did a short course on website design.

an intensive course (=in which you learn a lot in a short time) 強化課程,密集課程

nAn intensive course in Russian is provided for those who do not already know the language.

a crash course informal (=in which you learn a great deal in a very short time) 速成課程

nA husband was given a crash course in how to deliver a baby by a midwife on the phone.

a training course 培訓課程

nIf you are offered the job, you will attend a two-week training course.

a vocational course (=that trains you to do a particular job) 職業教育課程

na vocational course in architecture

na college/university course

students who fail their college courses

na degree course British EnglishBrE (also an undergraduate course) (=a first course at a university, which usually lasts three years)

a three-year degree course

na postgraduate course British EnglishBrE (=one you do after your first degree course)

a correspondence course (=in which you work at home, sending work to a teacher by post) 函授課程

an introductory course (=for people who have never done a particular subject or activity before) 入門課程

nan induction course (=that you do when you start a new job or position)

a refresher course (=short and intended to teach you about new developments in a subject) 進修課程

na foundation course British EnglishBrE (=a general course that students do in the first year at some universities)

a sandwich course British EnglishBrE (=that includes periods of work in industry or business) 工讀交替制課程

na tailor-made course (=one that is specially designed for someone)

a tailor-made course to help senior staff develop their negotiation skills

course + NOUN

a course tutor British EnglishBrE: 課程指導老師

I discussed it with my course tutor.

我和課程指導老師進行了討論。

course material 課程資料,課程教材

Teachers are provided with course material.

有課程資料提供給老師。

the course syllabus (=the plan of what is taught on a course) 課程綱要

nThe school has recently introduced a new course syllabus.

COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘make a course’. Say do or take a course.

不要說 ‘make a course’. 而要說 do or take a course.

n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 5: the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done 自然的進展；通常的過程

verbs

something takes a course (=develops in a particular way)

He felt that events were taking the wrong course.

something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way)

There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course.

change/alter the course of something

The incident changed the course of the election.

戈爾巴喬夫改變了蘇聯的歷史進程。

influence/shape the course of something

The result of this battle influenced the whole course of the war.

determine/decide the course of something

Don’t let chance decide the course of your career.

phrases

in the normal/ordinary course of something

His bravery was far more than was required in the normal course of duty.

the course of history/somebody’s life etc

Changing conditions shape the course of evolution.

Examples from the Corpus

course• a five-course banquet• I've decided to do a course in aromatherapy.• a course in music journalism• Advanced courses afford the opportunity to study classical religious and anti-religious texts of influential philosophers from Plato to Sartre.• No clear, specific regulations for these adult education classes and courses existed before 1924.• The plane had to change course to avoid the storm.• The college is offering three basic computer courses this year.• The waiter brought the first course, a simple leek and potato soup.• The council met last week to decide on a future course for peace.• For the main course we had roast turkey with vegetables.• Which is, of course, nonsense.• Investigators say the plane was over 800 miles off course when it crashed.• They are not linked to a particular course or to a particular method of study.• The captain decided to change the ship's course to avoid the storm.• All hunters applying for licenses are required to take a hunting safety course.• a cross-country ski course• It was more about learning from-and networking with-your fellow students than a straight forward taught course.• After the course, I began taking more interest in how other departments were tackling quality assurance.• Are you enjoying the course?• Scientists are monitoring the course of the measles epidemic throughout the state.• The course of the water was marked by a line of willow trees.• And there are few opportunities for students to develop such ability before they enroll in those courses.• It will be some years yet before the full uptake picture becomes available because the traditional courses are still being phased out.• She began a 12 week course on modern art.

course on/in• For Rufus this was a crash course in race relations and show business.• Create a first-year elective course on social justice, including public interest law and race.• There was only one course in which Professor Sano, my depart-ment head, thought I might have trouble.• Photo: Henley Standard George Piggott 1978, aged 76, who remembers the course in 1915.• You will also share in presenting the full range of Data-Star training courses on a regular basis.• Cecil's colt's success at the highest level came on this very course in last season's Racing Post Trophy.• What courses in high school or college were the best?

in the course of doing something• Both sides would broadcast interviews with senior personalities, in the course of which they gave interpretations of current developments.• He arrived at my home and in the course of the evening he buttonholed me.• Here are the six references Flaubert makes to Emma Bovary's eyes in the course of the book.• I have made some qualifications to this effect in the course of the argument.• Some of the earliest arguments that legislative intentions count were made to judges in the course of lawsuits.• That being so, the court held that the sale was a sale in the course of a business.• The central nervous system appears to be the pre-eminent instrument that has been designed for this function in the course of evolution.

changed the course of• The coup against Gorbachev changed the course of the Soviet future.• In that instant he had changed the course of science and paved the way for the exploitation of Niagara Falls power.• Instead, I'd found something unlooked for that had changed the course of my entire life.• We could have changed the course of the war.• The influence of the three High Elf Mages changed the course of the war.• That small man changed the course of my life.• It was then that the newly-created Republican Party staged a convention that changed the course of the nation.

steer a middle course• He steered a middle course between intimacy and aloofness which would have endeared him to the most demanding of guests.• Managers must steer a middle course between political correctness and political babble.• It has chosen to steer a middle course between them rather than undertake a strategic review.• He and Chris tried to steer a middle course during the ritual of drinks before dinner and the meal that followed.• I usually steer a middle course which avoids both waste and effort.

take/decide on a course• It took the Millau Ten less than an hour to digest the court's ruling and decide on a course of action.• For older children, there are more complex issues to think over before deciding on a course of action.• He decided not to mention it to Josh until he and Helen could decide on a course of action.• I decided on a course of what the strategists over at the Pentagon call Massive Retaliation.• Ferranti then hopes to decide on a course of action and in particular on how to restructure its capital base.• Emergency meetings were called in Washington to decide on a course of action.

on/off course• The survey showed that only one-third of those who had been on courses generated the training themselves.• Examinations on courses at end of first year.• With each one, Apple strengthened its contention that the mission of Macintosh was finally on course.• By the end of 1978 nine were in production and several more on course for development.• That meant a substantial breakfast, followed by a word with Posi to confirm that everything was on course and on line.• He said the Government was on course for elections to the new councils in 1995.

first/second/main etc course• The dish can be served as a first course or as a light dinner entree with brown rice.• Typically, 2 birds are required per person for a main course and 1 bird per person for a salad course.• One reporter might work on an appetizer, another on a main course, and a third on a dessert.• At table, for the first course, the three of them worked on her as if consciously.• It was eaten with a spoon and served on festal days as part of the main course.• The second course would have been unusual and encouraging - and leadership in the village community would probably have fallen to him.• The cooks must make a soup, two main courses, at least one of them vegetarian, and two desserts.• Suddenly you are faced with desserts, unaccustomed first courses, and main courses swimming in cream and butter.

course of injections/drugs/treatment etc• What is the best course of treatment?• It is important to conduct a complete course of treatment at the required dosage with these products.• One full course of treatment costs as little as 5 pence, and can save a life.• They are, so to speak, medications or courses of treatment.• Muhammad Ali attributed some of his victories in the boxing ring to a prior course of treatment with B15.• These seven strategies constitute the course of treatment.• In some of the cases new problems, not identified at the outset, emerged during the course of treatment.• Leukopenia tends to cluster early in the course of treatment, whereas aplastic anemia occurs fairly evenly throughout the first year.

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