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BNC: 3031 COCA: 3110

punishment

Word family 
pun·ish·ment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ ●●● W3 noun
1  [countableC, uncountableU]PUNISH something that is done in order to punish someone, or the act of punishing them 懲罰手段；處罰 → punitive
punishment for
The punishment for treason is death.
叛國罪可叛處死刑。
as a punishment
I was sent to bed as a punishment.
作爲懲罰，我被打發上床睡覺。
2  [uncountableU] informalDAMAGE rough physical treatment 粗暴對待；糟蹋
tough plants that can take any amount of punishment
不怕粗暴對待的堅韌植物
→ capital punishment
 COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
harsh/severe 嚴厲的
The court decided the original punishment was too severe.
法庭認爲原先的判罰太過嚴厲。
light 輕的
The punishment seemed very light.
這一處罰好像很輕。
just/fitting (=appropriate and right) 公正的/合理的
Death would be a just punishment.
死刑是公正的懲罰。
physical punishment 體罰
Children respond more to affection than to physical punishment.
兒童對愛的反應比對體罰更積極。
corporal punishment (=when someone punishes a child by hitting them) 體罰
nCorporal punishment is banned in state schools.
capital punishment (=death as a punishment for a crime) 極刑，死刑
nThe are trying to abolish capital punishment except in cases of terrorism.
the maximum punishment 最高懲罰
nThe charge against him carries a maximum punishment of a year in jail.
verbs
give somebody a punishment 給某人懲罰
He deserved the punishment he was given.
他是罪有應得。
nThe teacher may impose reasonable punishments.
hand out punishments (=give people punishments) 給予懲罰
The courts are handing out harsher punishments to reckless drivers.
法庭對魯莽駕車者的處罰更趨嚴厲。
nimpose/mete out a punishment formal (=give someone a punishment)
Life imprisonment should be the maximum punishment meted out by the state.
receive a punishment 受到處罰
He received the maximum punishment.
他受到了最高的處罰。
escape/avoid punishment 逃脫懲罰
The thieves managed to escape punishment.
這些竊賊設法逃過了懲罰。
carry a punishment (=used when saying what the punishment for something is) 應受處罰
The offence carries a punishment of up to 10 years in prison.
這一罪行最高可判十年徒刑。
inflict a punishment (on somebody) (=punish someone, especially physically) （對某人）施以懲罰〔尤指體罰〕
nThe abbot could inflict corporal punishment for gross disobedience.
phrases
the punishment should fit the crime (=it should be appropriate) 罰與罪相當
The public believe that the punishment should fit the crime.
公衆認爲量刑應與罪行相當。
 THESAURUS
punishment something that is done in order to punish someone, or the act of punishing them 懲罰
I don’t think they deserved such a severe punishment.
我認爲他們不該受這麽嚴厲的懲罰。
The usual punishment is life in prison.
通常是判處無期徒刑。
sentence a punishment given by a judge in a court 宣判，判決
He was given a long prison sentence.
他被判長期監禁。
They asked for the maximum sentence.
他們要求判處最高刑罰。
fine an amount of money that you must pay as a punishment 罰款
I got an £80 fine for speeding.
我因超速被罰款80英鎊。
There are heavy fines for drink-driving.
酒後駕車要受重罰。
penalty a general word for a punishment given to someone who has broken a law, rule, or agreement 刑罰，懲罰〔統稱〕
What’s the penalty if you get caught?
你被發現的話會受什麽處罰？
He called for stiffer penalties for crimes involving guns.
他呼籲對涉槍犯罪施以更嚴厲的刑罰。
the death penalty (also capital punishment) the system in which people are killed as a punishment for crimes 死刑
If he is found guilty, he faces the death penalty.
他若被判有罪，將面臨死刑。
A number of states have abolished capital punishment.
一些州已廢除死刑。
community service unpaid work helping other people that someone does as punishment for a crime 社區服務
He was given a choice between doing 200 hours of community service, or a big fine.
他可以選擇200小時的社區服務或交付一大筆罰款。
corporal punishment the punishment of children by hitting them 〔對兒童的〕體罰
I don’t agree with corporal punishment.
我不贊成體罰。
Corporal punishment was abolished in schools in 1987.
1987年體罰在學校裏被廢除。
Examples from the Corpus
punishment• Punishments for bad behavior can range from time-outs to withdrawing privileges, such as television• He would silence noise by poking his head down the first step and yelling threats of appalling punishment.• Now we are overtaken by guilt, and the pain of fear and helplessness is interpreted as punishment for nameless sins.• Our eagerness for capital punishment echoes the mentality of the old slave code.• Some people are demanding the return of capital punishment for murder.• Corporal punishment was banned in Sweden in 1979.• But the overall effect was to help the guilty escape punishment.• But some are gluttons for punishment.• With five children in the house, the furniture has to take a lot of punishment.• In the meantime, the House ethics committee will be meeting on punishment for Gingrich.• Retributive punishment restores the balance by cancelling out this advantage with a commensurate disadvantage.• In cases of sheep-stealing, the usual punishment was hanging.• When punishment of children is necessary, it can be based on reciprocity rather than expiation.
punishment for• Baylor was suspended for one game as punishment for violating team rules.• The maximum punishment for robbery is 40 years in prison.
take ... punishment• If knocked over, you stood upright again, at attention, and took the punishment until the staff tired of it.• Young, who has the mentality of a linebacker, has taken punishment as a passer and a runner.• Rather than protest anymore, he took his punishment silently and disappeared into his room.• Instead of taking his punishment like a man, Wilson tried to hide behind his Fourth Amendment rights.• She took the punishments meted out to her without a murmur.• I wish they'd just learn to take discipline or punishment.• In a world which promotes automatic goodness, he will not learn to take the punishments associated with behaving badly.• The skilled players also have to be big and strong to take the postseason punishment.

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