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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch noun
⇨ injuryscratch verb
⇨ scratch 1 (scratch yourself on sth) ⇨ scratch 2 (a cat scratches) ⇨ creak (mice scratch)scratch1

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在釘子上劃了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 撓被蟲叮的包；貓撓人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 這些詞均表示擦破、劃破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，劃損，刮壞；劃破，劃傷（皮膚）◆Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮壞了家具。◆The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽車的漆面劃損得很嚴重。◆I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿劃破流血了。◆She scratched herself on a nail.她在釘子上劃了一下。   see also scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦壞，擦傷，刮壞，蹭破◆I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的車一側被牆刮了。◆Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把車刮掉了一塊漆。◆She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝蓋蹭破了。◆The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金屬絲刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦傷物體表面時，scratch指在上面留下細長的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下較寬的痕迹。表示擦傷身體某個部位時，scratch傷得不嚴重，scrape則通常傷得略嚴重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成損害）◆The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋後跟磨腳。◆The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.車輪蹭着擋泥板了。◆The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.馬脖子上拴過缰繩的地方皮都給磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨損，磨壞（光滑表面）◆I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被鋪石路面磨壞了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦傷，擦破（皮膚）◆I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦傷了膝蓋。◆He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一塊尖石劃傷了。   see also graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze僅指擦傷身體某部位，scrape可用於多種表面。scrape更強調擦傷的動作，graze更強調所受的損傷。scratch2

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在釘子上劃了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 撓被蟲叮的包；貓撓人scratch ♦︎ clawThese words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 這兩個詞均表示用爪子或指甲搔、撓、抓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch / claw at sth◆to scratch / claw sth with sth◆to scratch / claw sb frantically■ scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 撓，搔（癢處）；抓破，抓傷（皮膚）◆John yawned and scratched his chin.約翰打了個哈欠，撓了撓下巴。◆Try not to scratch.盡量别撓。◆She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她撓了撓胳膊上被蟲咬的包。◆She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.顯然她曾試圖抓傷襲擊她的人。◆Does the cat scratch?這只貓撓人嗎？■ claw [intransitive, transitive] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails （用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，撓◆The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只貓在抓撓椅子腿。◆She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓過斯蒂芬的臉。ⓘ When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行爲時主要出現在文學作品中，可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴◆She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他撲過去，手指到處亂抓。

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