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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4115 COCA: 4084

stiff

Word family 
stiff1 /stɪf/ ●●○ S3 adjectiveadj (comparativecomp stiffer, superlativesupl stiffest)
1  body 身體BODYHURT/CAUSE PAIN if someone or a part of their body is stiff, their muscles hurt and it is difficult for them to move 僵直的；酸痛的
stiff from doing something
Her legs were stiff from kneeling.
她的雙腿跪得僵硬了。
stiff with
Her fingers were stiff with cold.
她的手指凍僵了。
stiff neck/back/joint etc
Alastair woke with a stiff neck.
阿拉斯泰爾醒來時感到頸部發僵。
I never felt stiff after training until I was in my thirties.
三十歲之前，我訓練後從不會感到身體發僵。
The next morning I was as stiff as a board (=very stiff).
第二天早上，我感到渾身僵直。
► see thesaurus at painful
2  material/substance 材料/物質HARD firm, hard, or difficult to bend 硬的，挺的，不易彎曲的
a shirt with a stiff collar
領子挺括的襯衫
► see thesaurus at hard
3  mixture 混合物 a stiff mixture is thick and almost solid, so that it is not easy to mix 稠的，難攪拌的
Beat the egg whites until stiff.
把蛋白打到發稠。
a stiff dough
硬面團
4  difficult 困難的 difficult to do or deal with 艱難的；困難的
a stiff test
很難的測驗
stiff competition/opposition
Graduates face stiff competition in getting jobs.
大學畢業生面臨激烈的求職競爭。
5  severe 嚴厲的STRICT a stiff punishment is great or severe 〔懲罰〕嚴厲的；嚴酷的
stiff sentence/penalty/fine
calls for stiffer penalties for rapists
要求對強奸犯處以更嚴厲刑罰的呼籲
6  door/drawer etc 門/抽屜等MOVE something OR SB# British EnglishBrE difficult to move, turn, or open 難移動的；難轉動的；難打開的
Pull hard – that drawer’s very stiff.
使勁拉——那個抽屜很緊。
7  unfriendly 不友好的UNFRIENDLY if someone’s behaviour is stiff, they behave in a very formal or unfriendly way 生硬的；不友好的
Their goodbyes were stiff and formal.
他們的道别生硬刻板。
Parsons gave a stiff performance in the main role.
帕森斯把主要角色演得很生硬。
8  price 價格 a stiff price etc is high, especially higher than the price etc of similar things 過高的；高昂的
a stiff tax on cigarettes
高昂的香煙稅
9. stiff wind/breeze HEMa fairly strong wind etc 強風
Examples from the Corpus
stiff wind/breeze• Put in on a shoe and it will wipe off in a stiff breeze.• The mastheads of beached yachts tinkled in a stiff breeze.• The skill is running down the beach with all your equipment often in a stiff breeze.• The next day was bright and cold, with a stiff breeze blowing straight down the field.• A stiff breeze riffles the brush.• A stiff breeze shoves broken clouds across the moon.• Daylight broke, a stiff breeze struck up and the sky clouded over.• Within minutes a stiff wind was blowing over the harbor.
10. stiff drink/whisky etc DFDa very strong alcoholic drink 烈性酒/威士忌等
Examples from the Corpus
stiff drink/whisky etc• A good shower helped, but she would have liked to go down and search for a stiff drink.• Calm your nerves by deep breathing, not by having a stiff drink.• Come on, you need a stiff drink.• A couple of stiff drinks and a bowl of soup afterwards was about all I could cope with.• When he got home he'd have a stiff drink and a long bath, followed by another stiff drink.• I poured myself a stiff drink and tossed it down.• Many people would rather have a stiff drink to help them sleep, than take a sleeping tablet for their insomnia.
11  stiff upper lip CALMthe ability to stay calm and not show your feelings in a difficult or upsetting situation 〔面對困難時〕沉着堅強；不動聲色
Men were taught to keep a stiff upper lip.
男人被教導要沉着堅強。
Examples from the Corpus
stiff upper lip• Election losers, for instance, are traditionally expected to keep a stiff upper lip and not let their disappointment show.• The Ulster Unionist security spokesman maintained a stiff upper lip as he had his moustache shaved off - for charity.• Paul didn't keep a stiff upper lip because that was the way that he thought that Christians should behave.• The stiff upper lip is a barrier against the trembling which could lead to tears.• So please, leave the stiff upper lip to one side, at home at least.• All he could produce was a stiff upper lip, while young Lady C cast meaningful looks at sturdy gamekeeper Mellors.
—stiffly adverbadv
—stiffness noun [uncountableU]
Examples from the Corpus
stiff• The leaves of the anubias plant are very stiff.• I tried to smile back, but my face that day was curiously stiff.• As you get older, your muscles become stiffer.• For crimes involving the use of guns, the sentences are particularly stiff.• In the extreme cold my wet shoes became frozen stiff.• I felt really stiff after playing basketball last week.• Their good-byes were stiff and formal.• The dress didn't suit her, it was too stiff and smart, it looked as if she was trying too hard.• After a twelve hour plane ride, my back was stiff and sore.• The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable.• The tremolo would probably need setting up properly because it feels stiff and uneven in use.• She gives the impression of being rather stiff and unfriendly, but I think that's because she's basically shy.• To make the picture, you will need a sheet of stiff card.• Whether the high jumper can requalify against stiff competition depends in large part upon the other big change: her takeoff.• With slow wrinkling his stiff face relaxed now and then into a feminine tender smile.• Motorists who do not obey the rules will face stiff fines of up to £3000.• My legs are stiff from going running last night.• The sheets outside on the washing line had gone stiff in the frost.• Rarely, a subarachnoid bleed can present with high fever, stiff neck, and headache masquerading as meningitis.• I woke up with a stiff neck this morning.• Magistrates now have the power to impose stiff penalties on the parents of children who fail to turn up for school.• a stiff piece of cardboard
stiff neck/back/joint etc• Can you watch television without getting a stiff neck?• In the morning he woke up with a painful stiff neck.• Sore throat with swollen glands and a stiff neck.• Doubtless there were a few stiff backs and aching muscles to contend with after it was all finished.• Rarely, a subarachnoid bleed can present with high fever, stiff neck, and headache masquerading as meningitis.• A stiff neck for a few weeks after a bump was tolerated in the past.• Her physical pain went on in the form of sensitivity, aching muscles, stiff joints, indigestion, and kidney stones.• The stiff neck is a way of controlling feeling as are the rigid shoulders and the pulled-in gut.
stiff competition/opposition• The planned deregulation has bred concern that Petron will face stiffer competition and an erosion of its 42 percent market share.• The company was facing stiff competition and losing market share.• He is called upon both to defend his faith against stiff opposition and to spread it among his friends.• Both projects, which were won against stiff competition, are for offshore fixed installations for Abu Dhabi based company Adma Opco.• Whether the high jumper can requalify against stiff competition depends in large part upon the other big change: her takeoff.• But he says it has some stiff competition from a consortium of Eastern universities and industry.• Land developers ran into stiff opposition from environmental groups.• A spokesman for Cuff Roberts said the scheme offered nationwide expertise from Liverpool and stiff competition to Manchester firms.• Superior products would evolve and stiff competition would sprout up as Roundup patent protections expired around the globe.
stiff and formal• Supper that night was rather stiff and formal.• Their good-byes were stiff and formal.• What comes across is a spoken version of a written communication; the words tend to sound stiff and formal.• The apse mosaics have a gold background and are of early type, being stiff and formal in design.• It was all there, faithfully recorded in his uncle's stiff and formal style.
stiff2 adverbadv
1  bored/scared/worried stiff informalVERY extremely bored, frightened, or worried 極其膩煩/害怕/擔心
As a child, I was scared stiff of going down to the cellar.
小時候，我非常害怕到地下室去。
Examples from the Corpus
bored/scared/worried stiff• Cis, who knew about it, was scared stiff.• Poor kid, thought Alice, he's scared stiff.• And I was scared stiff about having lied to Mel about being single when he hired me.• Mabel was by now scared stiff and frozen cold.• We looked at each other, scared stiff, but we followed Mrs Bullivant upstairs.• He was very naturally scared stiff of using up all his remaining petrol and making a bad landing.• He was scared stiff, thought a ghastly mistake had been made.
2  frozen stiff 
a) extremely cold 非常寒冷的，凍僵的
Goodness, your hands are frozen stiff!
天哪，你的手都凍僵了！
b) cloth that is frozen stiff is hard because the water in it has frozen 〔布〕凍得硬邦邦的
Examples from the Corpus
frozen stiff• And they'd pull her dress off her, and it was frozen stiff.• He was frozen stiff in the weeds beside the track.
Examples from the Corpus
stiff• Dr Aziz replied stiffly, "I do not consider Mrs Moore my friend.''• Riven was stiff all over, hardly able to stretch himself flat.• He lay next to me stiff as wood.• I made myself go stiff at first but Mum went on cuddling and soon I sort of collapsed against her.• The wind was quieter there but the dried-out cold it left behind kept pedestrians fast-moving, stiff inside their coats.• Leyland rose, stiff, self-conscious, afraid.
stiff3 noun [countableC] informal
1. DEADthe body of a dead person 死屍，屍體
2. working stiff informal American EnglishAmEWORKER an ordinary person who works to earn enough money to live 〔依靠勞動掙錢謀生的〕普通工人
Examples from the Corpus
working stiff• This was my first residence as a working stiff.• He was rising in the world, a celebrated hijacker, and Charlie was a working stiff with money problems.• Instead of working stiffs, we get craftsmen.• They're ordinary working stiffs, doing their job.• My dad was a poor working stiff.
3  someone who you think is old-fashioned and too formal 古板守舊的人
His business tactics outraged the stiffs of the UK establishment.
他的經營策略激怒了英國當權派中的老古板。
Examples from the Corpus
stiff• They closed the old door behind them and there I was, alone with a few dozen stiffs.• How about a series on rock's greatest stiffs?• He was rising in the world, a celebrated hijacker, and Charlie was a working stiff with money problems.• My dad was a poor working stiff.
stiff4 verb informal
1  [transitiveT] American EnglishAmEPAY FOR# to cheat someone by not paying them, especially by not leaving a tip in a restaurant 不付錢給…；〔尤指〕不給…小費
I can’t believe that couple stiffed me!
我不敢相信那對夫婦竟然不給我小費！
2  [intransitiveI] if a new product, film, show etc stiffs, it does not sell well or fails completely 〔新産品、電影、節目等〕不暢銷，徹底失敗 SYN bomb
They had a hit in the 1990s, but their subsequent releases stiffed.
20 世紀 90 年代時他們出過一張熱門唱片，但後來的卻不暢銷。
From Longman Business Dictionary
stiffstiff /stɪf/ verb [transitiveT] American EnglishAmE informal
to not pay someone money that you owe them or that they expect to be given, for example by not leaving a tip in a restaurant
→ see also working stiff
Origin stiff1
Old English stif
stiff1 adjectiveadjstiff2 adverbadvstiff3 nounstiff4 verb
Corpus
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4115 COCA: 4084
stiff

adjective¹

 1difficult to bend/move不易彎曲；不易活動VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES VERBS➤be, feel, lie, look, sit, stand僵硬；感覺僵硬；直挺挺地躺着；看上去僵硬；僵直地坐着；僵直地站着◇She lay stiff and still beside him.她直挺挺地躺在他身旁，一動不動。➤become, get, go變得僵硬◇My fingers had gone stiff with cold.我的手指已經凍僵了。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／頗為／非常僵硬▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／稍有些僵硬➤all完全僵硬PREPOSITION➤with因⋯僵硬◇The clothes were stiff with dust and grease.衣服給塵土和油脂弄得硬邦邦的。PHRASES➤(as) stiff as a board像木板一樣僵直◇The captain stood as stiff as a board.船長站得筆直。
stiff

adjective²

 2having sore muscles肌肉痠痛VERBS | ADVERB | PREPOSITION VERBS➤be, feel痠痛；感覺痠痛◇He felt stiff all over.他感覺渾身痠痛。➤get變得痠痛◇You'll get stiff if you don't have a hot bath.如果不洗個熱水澡的話，你會覺得肌肉痠痛。➤leave sb, make sb使某人肌肉痠痛◇All that digging made me really stiff.那一通挖掘讓我渾身痠痛。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／頗為／非常痠痛▸➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／有幾分痠痛▸➤all完全痠痛◇My arm's gone all stiff.我的胳膊又痠又痛。PREPOSITION➤from因⋯痠痛◇I was stiff from kneeling.我跪得渾身痠痛。
stiff

adjective³

 3strong/severe激烈；嚴厲VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, seem嚴厲；好像嚴厲◇Their punishment seemed rather stiff.他們的懲罰好像頗為嚴厲。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／頗為／非常嚴厲◇in the face of some very stiff competition面對一種非常激烈的競爭局面➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／有些嚴厲
stiff

adjective⁴

 4not friendly or relaxed不友好；生硬VERBS | ADVERB VERBS➤be, look, seem, sound生硬；看上去生硬；好像生硬；聽起來生硬◇She was aware that her words sounded stiff.她知道自己的話聽起來很生硬。ADVERB➤extremely, fairly, very, etc.極其／頗為／非常生硬◇His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的態度似乎頗為生硬冷淡。➤a little, slightly, etc.有點兒／有幾分生硬
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4115 COCA: 4084
stiff adj.
⇨ formal (rather stiff and formal) ⇨ solid (stiff black cardboard) ⇨ tight (The windows are stiff.)
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 4115 COCA: 4084
stiff
Physically painful and describing pain: achy, acute, agonising...
In pain: agonised, agonized, anguished...
Not moving: still, static, stationary...
Solid, stiff or hard: solid, stiff, hard...
Words used to describe properties of substances: absorbent, astringent, harsh...
Unfriendly: unfriendly, cold, hostile...
Serious, severe and extreme: serious, severe, extreme...
Words used to describe drinks: alcoholic, black, carbonated...
Unfriendliness: distance, coldness, hostility...
Feeling or expressing strong emotions: emotional, passionate, ardent...
A dead body or dead person or people: body, corpse, remains...
Overcharging and underpaying money: soak, bleed, gouge...

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