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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 687 COCA: 765

pressure

Word family 
Related topics: Physics
pres·sure1 /ˈpreʃə $ -ər/ ●●● S1 W1 noun
1  persuade 說服 [uncountableU]FORCE somebody TO DO something an attempt to persuade someone by using influence, arguments, or threats 〔利用影響、辯論或威脅施加的〕壓力
They are putting pressure on people to vote yes.
他們正在向民衆施加壓力，要求他們投贊成票。
be/come under pressure to do something
The minister was under pressure to resign.
部長面臨被迫辭職的壓力。
be/come under pressure from somebody (to do something)
I was under pressure from my parents to become a teacher.
父母逼着我當老師。
The Labour government came under pressure from the trade unions.
工黨政府受到了來自工會的壓力。
pressure for
Pressure for change has become urgent.
改革的呼聲越來越迫切。
pressure on
the pressure on all of us to keep slim
要求我們個個都保持苗條的壓力
He exerts pressure on his kids to get them to do as he wants.
他給孩子們施加壓力，讓他們按照他的想法去做。
You must never give in to pressure.
你絕不能屈從壓力。
2  anxiety/overwork 憂慮/工作過勞 [countableC, uncountableU]BUSY/HAVE A LOT TO DO a way of working or living that causes you a lot of anxiety, especially because you feel you have too many things to do 〔工作或生活中的〕壓力
pressure of
I feel I’m not able to cope well with the pressures of life.
我覺得自己無法妥善應付生活壓力。
pressure on
The pressure on doctors is increasing steadily.
醫生的壓力越來越大。
under pressure
I’m under constant pressure at work.
我工作上一直有壓力。
The pressures of work can make you ill.
工作壓力可能會導致生病。
a high pressure job
壓力大的工作
athletes who show grace under pressure (=who behave well when they are anxious)
壓力下仍表現出良好風度的運動員
3  causing change 引起變化 [countableC, uncountableU] events or conditions that cause changes and affect the way a situation develops, especially in economics or politics 〔尤指經濟或政治的〕壓力
inflationary pressures
通貨膨脹的壓力
Analysts expect the pound to come under pressure.
分析家預期英鎊將面臨壓力。
relieve/reduce pressure (on somebody/something)
Slowing the arms race relieved pressure on the Soviet economic system.
放慢軍備競賽速度減輕了蘇聯經濟體制所面臨的壓力。
The 1990s brought increased economic pressure to bear on all business activities.
20 世紀90年代所有的商業活動都面臨更大的經濟壓力。
4  weight 重量 [uncountableU]PRESS the force or weight that is being put on to something 壓力，擠壓
pressure of
The pressure of the water turns the wheel.
水的壓力使輪子轉動。
the pressure of his hand on my arm
他的手壓在我胳膊上的力量
5  gas/liquid 氣體/液體 [countableC, uncountableU] the force produced by the quantity of gas or liquid in a place or container 壓力；壓強
The gas containers burst at high pressure.
這些瓦斯容器遇到高壓就會爆炸。
6  weather 天氣 [countableC, uncountableU] a condition of the air in the Earth’s atmosphere, which affects the weather 氣壓
high/low pressure
A ridge of high pressure is building up strongly over the Atlantic.
一個強大的高壓脊正在大西洋上空形成。
→ peer pressure
n COLLOCATIONS
verbs
put pressure on somebody
We’ve decided to set up a campaign to put pressure on the Government.
exert pressure on somebody formal (=put pressure on them)
They exerted pressure on their colleagues to vote for the change.
bring pressure to bear on somebody (=put pressure on them)
These groups have brought pressure to bear on the government.
put somebody under pressure (=put a lot of pressure on them)
They were put under pressure to sign confessions.
be under pressure
Apple growers are under pressure from the public to use fewer chemicals.
come under pressure
The new prime minister has already come under pressure from the opposition to call an election.
bow to pressure (also give in to pressure) (=do what people want you to do)
He eventually gave in to pressure and resigned.
respond to pressure (=do something as a result of pressure)
The government responded to this pressure and modified the Bill.
adjectives
strong/intense pressure
There was strong pressure for a statement from the president.
considerable pressure
Shopkeepers are under considerable pressure to work on Sundays.
increasing/mounting pressure
There was increasing pressure on the Chancellor to cut petrol tax.
public/popular pressure (=pressure from the public)
He faces mounting public pressure to resign.
political pressure
We did not make this recommendation because of political pressure.
diplomatic pressure (=pressure from other countries' governments)
The announcement of a ceasefire came after intense diplomatic pressure from the US.
Examples from the Corpus
pressure• Every engineer knew that dollars-and-cents issues figured in his work, right along with boiler pressures and stress factors.• Indirect evidence of mounting demographic pressure is also provided by the steady destruction of the forests.• Suffice to say, the locals approved, and soon Cambianica felt pressure to expand his wine-making enterprise.• Inflationary pressures will lead to higher prices.• Reading cracked under intense pressure again after 69 minutes.• You never felt the pressure you felt from other choreographers.• Tourists and immigrants are increasing the pressures on the Galapagos's already scarce resources, from fresh water to seafood.• I just can't take the pressure at work anymore.• Blackburn cracked under the pressure, as Kerslake and Jones lined up for shots and David Mitchell cleaned up.• There was no water pressure in the bathroom this morning.
exerts pressure on• The air exerts pressure on the airway, holding it open and allowing the sleeper to breathe normally.
grace under pressure• They are the lessons of steadfastness and trust, honor and humor and, above all, grace under pressure.• This achievement is an art of the battlefield-exhibiting all that grace under pressure that is the glory of the cornered male.• But then, grace under pressure is a valued trait among the pastoralists.
brought ... pressure to bear on• Employers brought maximum pressure to bear on workers in order to restore order: recalcitrant strikers faced lock-outs.• Those groups have brought pressure to bear on government to provide resources or pursue policies to the benefit of their members.• He brought undue pressure to bear on his parents by giving them an entirely misleading account of the documents.• On his eastern border, Ine brought pressure to bear on the eastern Saxons who were sheltering exiles from his kingdom.
at high pressure• Lock lid in place and cook at high pressure for 16 minutes.• Which of these two minerals might have formed at higher pressure than the other?• It may need hosing at high pressure to get rid of any surface slime.• The equation of state of molecular hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures is particularly important and yet it is poorly known.• Reactions are carried out at high pressure and temperature and the processes involve large scale filtration, drying, milling and packing.• There they breathe in pure oxygen at high pressure.• If so, the conductivity of the rock at high pressures would be expected to mirror that of carbon.
high/low pressure• Remove from heat and lower pressure using the cold-water-release method.• The equation of state of molecular hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures is particularly important and yet it is poorly known.• Reactions are carried out at high pressure and temperature and the processes involve large scale filtration, drying, milling and packing.• After removing it there was no more trouble from low pressure.• Lock lid in place and bring to high pressure.• Bring to high pressure and cook 12 minutes.• If it is not sufficiently tender, lock lid back into place and return to high pressure for a few minutes.
pressure2 verb [transitiveT]
FORCE somebody TO DO something especially American EnglishAmE to try to make someone do something by making them feel it is their duty to do it 對…施加壓力，強迫 SYN British English pressurize
pressure somebody into doing something
You want to enjoy food, not to be pressured into eating the right things.
人們希望享受食物，而不是被迫去吃那些該吃的東西。
pressure somebody to do something
Don’t feel we are pressuring you to give what you can’t afford.
别勉強，我們不會強人所難的。
► see thesaurus at force
Examples from the Corpus
pressure• Bush has been somewhat less outspoken, apparently sensitive to being seen as pressuring his successor at a tough moment.• Over the next few years, Mrs J was pressured into lending her son large sums of money.• When David Hale claims he was pressured into making illegal loans, he is branded a crook and a liar.• The more conservative Viktor Chernomyrdin was voted in after Yeltsin was pressured into withdrawing his support for Gaidar.• I weighed in on Monday, got blood pressured, then drove through blinding rain into the Guildford one-way system.• Reagan was continuously being pressured to compromise in ways that preserved the influence and the policies of the defeated opposition.• A child might need to be prodded or compelled to keep a promise, or simply pressured to do a job well.
pressure somebody to do something• Sherry's boyfriend is pressuring her to have sex with him.
Origin pressure1
(1300-1400) Latin pressura, from premere; → PRESS2
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 687 COCA: 765
pressure

noun¹

 1force produced by pressing擠壓產生的壓力ADJECTIVE | VERB + PRESSURE | PRESSURE + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤gentle, light輕微的壓力▸➤firm用力壓▸➤downward向下的壓力VERB + PRESSURE➤apply, exert, put加壓▸➤alleviate, reduce, relieve減輕壓力◇Reducing the swelling will relieve the pressure on her spine.消腫可以減輕對她脊椎的壓力。PRESSURE + NOUN➤sensor壓力傳感器◇Pressure sensors in the seats tell the system which ones aren't occupied.座位上的壓力傳感器告訴系統哪些座位上沒有人。
pressure

noun²

 2force of a gas or liquid氣壓；液壓ADJECTIVE | PRESSURE + VERB | PRESSURE + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤elevated, high, low升高的壓力；高壓；低壓▸➤air, blood, water氣壓；血壓；水壓◇an instrument for measuring blood pressure測量血壓的儀器➤atmospheric, barometric大氣壓➤tyre/tire輪胎壓力PRESSURE + VERB➤build up, increase, rise壓力升高➤maintain壓力保持▸➤ease, fall壓力下降PRESSURE + NOUN➤gauge壓力計➤valve壓力閥➤cooker壓力鍋
pressure

noun³

 3stress精神壓力ADJECTIVE | VERB + PRESSURE | PRESSURE + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, constant, intolerable, relentless, undue, unrelenting巨大的／不間斷的／難以忍受的／持續的／過度的／不緩解的壓力➤added, increased, increasing增加的壓力◇Retailers face added pressure to have the products available by Christmas.零售商還要額外面臨在聖誕節前備好那些商品的壓力。➤commercial, competitive, economic, financial, political, social商業／競爭／經濟／財政／政治／社會壓力◇The economic pressures on small businesses are intense.小企業的經濟壓力很大。➤external外部壓力◇His own desires conflict with external pressures to conform.他自己的慾望與要求他與大家保持一致的外部壓力相衝突。➤downward, upward向下的／向上的壓力◇This puts upward pressure on prices.這迫使價格上漲。VERB + PRESSURE➤place sb under, put sb under置某人於壓力之下➤create製造壓力◇When more people move into an area, that creates pressures.當越來越多的人湧入一個地區，那就造成了壓力。➤cope with, handle, withstand應付／應對／頂住壓力▸➤escape, get away from躲避壓力◇It's an ideal place in which to relax and escape the pressures of modern life.那是放鬆身心、躲避現代生活壓力的理想地方。➤alleviate, ease, reduce, relieve減輕壓力◇They are looking for ways to ease the pressure of their stress-filled, competitive existence.他們正在想辦法給他們充滿壓力和競爭的生活減壓。➤heighten, intensify提高／加大壓力◇There is a constant drive to exploit workers and intensify the pressure of work.總是有人想要剝削工人和增加他們的工作壓力。PRESSURE + VERB➤build up, increase壓力增大PREPOSITION➤under pressure在壓力下◇He's felt under pressure since his wife had the operation.妻子做手術以來，他一直覺得壓力很大。➤pressure on對⋯的壓力◇There's a lot of pressure on the soldiers preparing for battle.準備奔赴戰場的士兵承受着很大的壓力。PHRASES➤pressure of work工作壓力◇The cruise was a welcome relief from the pressure of work.乘船遊覽是一種受歡迎的緩解工作壓力的方式。
pressure

noun⁴

 4attempt to persuade/influence sb迫使人就範的力量ADJECTIVE | VERB + PRESSURE | PRESSURE + VERB | PRESSURE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤enormous, great, intense, strong, tremendous巨大的壓力；強大的壓力◇There is intense pressure on her to resign.要她辭職的壓力很大。➤growing, increased, increasing, mounting日益增大的壓力▸➤popular公眾的壓力◇The government bowed to popular pressure and repealed the law.政府屈於公眾的壓力廢除了這項法律。➤international國際壓力◇the use of the Internet to put international pressure on authoritarian regimes利用因特網從國際上給獨裁政權施加壓力➤peer, peer-group (especially BrE) 同輩壓力◇She started smoking because of peer pressure.她開始吸煙是由於受到同輩壓力的影響。VERB + PRESSURE➤bring to bear, exert, generate, place, put施加壓力◇This concession would not have happened but for the pressure that was brought to bear on the authorities.如果不是因為對當局施加了壓力，就不會有這一讓步。◇My parents never put any pressure on me to get a job.父母從來沒有催我找工作。➤place sb under, put sb under置某人於壓力之下▸➤be brought under, be under, come under, experience, face被迫；受到壓力；面對壓力◇Hospital staff are coming under pressure to work longer hours.醫院的工作人員正面臨延長工作時間的壓力。➤heighten, intensify加大壓力◇This has heightened pressure for economic sanctions against the regime.這一舉措加大了對該政權經濟制裁的壓力。➤resist, withstand頂住／承受壓力▸➤bow to, give in to, respond to屈服於壓力；對壓力作出反應◇The editor bowed to pressure from his staff, and the article was suppressed.主編屈從於編輯人員的壓力，沒有發表這篇文章。PRESSURE + VERB➤intensify, mount壓力增加PRESSURE + NOUN➤group壓力集團➤tactic壓力戰術◇Large companies were criticized for using pressure tactics against small suppliers.大公司因對小型供應商施加壓力而遭到批評。PREPOSITION➤under pressure在壓力之下◇Management is under pressure to set an example on pay restraint.資方受到壓力，被要求為限薪作出表率。➤pressure for對⋯的催促◇pressure for change in the country's economy敦促對國家經濟進行改革➤pressure from來自⋯的壓力◇pressure from religious groups來自宗教團體的壓力➤pressure on對⋯的壓力◇pressure on foreign diplomats對外國外交官的壓力PHRASES➤keep the pressure on sb, keep up the pressure on sb, maintain the pressure on sb保持對某人的壓力◇Farmers need to keep (up) the pressure on Congress.農民們需要繼續對國會施加壓力。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 687 COCA: 765
pressure verb
⇨ press 2pressure noun
⇨ pressure 1 (the pressures of work) ⇨ pressure 2 (the pressure to conform) ⇨ weight (apply pressure to the wound) ⇨ under pressure ⇨ tense adj.pressure2

noun

 the pressures of work 工作壓力the pressure to conform 守規矩的要求pressure ♦︎ force ♦︎ coercion ♦︎ compulsionThese are all words for the act of trying to make sb do sth, sometimes using threats or violence. 這些詞均表示強迫、脅迫。SYNONYM SCALE 詞義標尺 下圖顯示這些詞所表達強迫的程度
pressure➔coercion➔force
compulsion
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆pressure / compulsion on sb◆under pressure / coercion / compulsion◆by force / coercion / compulsion◆pressure / compulsion to do sth◆physical pressure / force / coercion◆legal pressure / compulsion◆to use force / coercion■ pressure [uncountable] the act of trying to persuade or force sb to do sth 催促；要求；強迫◆The pressure for change continued to mount.改革的呼聲持續高漲。◆My parents never put any pressure on me to work in the family business.父母從來不強迫我在家族企業中工作。◆Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure (= pressure to behave in the same way as others of your age).青少年可能覺得很難抗拒同齡人的壓力。■ force [uncountable] physical violence used to make sb do sth or to achieve sth 武力；暴力◆We will achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.我們通過說服會比使用暴力獲得多得多的成果。◆There were plans to seize power by force of arms (= by military action).曾經有武裝奪權的計劃。  see also force ⇨ force verb ■ coercion kəʊˈɜːʃn; NAmE koʊˈɜːrʒn [uncountable] (formal) the act of making sb do sth that they do not want to, using threats or force （通過威脅或武力的）強迫，脅迫◆His defence was that he was acting under coercion.他辯解說他這麽做是被人脅迫的。■ compulsion [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) strong pressure that makes sb do sth they do not want to do, especially sth they should do according to a law, rule or contract （尤指根據法律、規定或合同的）強迫，強制◆You are under no compulsion to pay.沒有規定你要付款。◆There are no compulsions on students to attend classes.沒有強制要求學生上課。  see also compel ⇨ force verb , compulsory ⇨ necessary pressure1

noun

 the pressures of work 工作壓力the pressure to conform 守規矩的要求pressure ♦︎ stress ♦︎ tension ♦︎ strain ♦︎ demands ♦︎ heatThese are all words for the feelings of anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life. 這些詞均表示生活的壓力、緊張。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be under pressure / stress / strain◆pressure / stress / demands / heat on sb◆considerable pressure / stress / tension / strain / demands◆social / economic / financial pressure / stress / demands◆to cause stress / tension / strain◆to cope with the pressure / stress / tension / strain / demands◆to deal with / handle the pressure / stress / tension / demands◆to relieve / release the pressure / stress / tension / strain◆to feel the pressure / tension / strain / heat◆to take the pressure / strain / heat◆to suffer from stress / tension■ pressure [uncountable] ( pressures [plural]) difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve sth or to behave in a particular way 心理壓力；緊張◆She was unable to attend because of the pressure of work.由於工作緊張，她不能出席。◆How can anyone enjoy the pressures of city life?怎麽會有人喜歡都市生活的壓力呢？   see also under pressure ⇨ tense ■ stress [uncountable, countable, usually plural] pressure or anxiety caused by the problems in sb's life 精神壓力；心理負擔；緊張◆emotional / mental stress情緒／精神壓力◆stress-related illnesses與精神壓力有關的疾病◆Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness.壓力常常是患上慢性病的一個原因。◆She failed to withstand the stresses and strains of public life.她忍受不了公衆人物生活的緊張和壓力。   see also stressful ⇨ stressful , stressed ⇨ tense NOTE 辨析 Pressure or stress?It is common to say that sb is suffering from stress; pressure may be the thing that causes stress. 經常說suffer from stress，pressure也許是引發stress的原因。■ tension [uncountable, countable, usually plural] a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax （情緒上的）緊張，煩躁◆She was suffering from nervous tension.她當時神經緊張。◆Walking and swimming are excellent for releasing tensions.散步和遊泳能很好地放鬆緊張情緒。   see also tense ⇨ stressful , tense ⇨ tense ■ strain [uncountable, countable] pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces 壓力；重負；重壓之下出現的問題（或擔憂、焦慮）◆Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.眼下他們的婚姻關系非常緊張。◆These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.償還這些債務對我們的財務狀況造成壓力。◆Relax, and let us take the strain (= do things for you).别擔心，我們來幫你分擔一下壓力。  see also strained ⇨ stressful , strained ⇨ tense ■ demands [plural] things that sb/sth makes you do, especially things that are difficult or make you tired or worried （尤指困難或使人勞累、令人煩惱的）要求◆the demands of children / work照顧孩子／工作中的累人的事◆Flying makes enormous demands on pilots.飛行駕駛對飛行員要求很高。■ heat [uncountable] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用於新聞) pressure on sb to do or achieve sth 壓力；逼迫◆The heat is on now that the election is only a week away.離選舉只有一個星期了，大家開始感覺到有壓力了。◆Can she take the heat of this level of competition?她承受得了這種水平的比賽的壓力嗎？
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 687 COCA: 765

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