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BNC: 440 COCA: 577

certain

Word family 
cer·tain1 /ˈsɜːtn $ ˈsɜːr-/ ●●● S1 W1 adjectiveadj
1  [not before noun]SURE confident and sure, without any doubts 肯定的，確定的，毫無疑問的 SYN sure
certain (that)
I’m absolutely certain that I left the keys in the kitchen.
我絕對肯定我把鑰匙落在廚房裏了。
I felt certain that I’d passed the test.
我感覺自己肯定通過這次測驗了。
certain who/what/how etc
I’m not certain when it will be ready.
我不確定什麽時候能準備好。
certain about/of
Now, are you certain about that?
喂，你肯定是那樣嗎？
They were watching him. He was certain of it.
他們在監視他，對此他很肯定。
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In everyday English, people usually say sure rather than certain: 在日常英語中，人們一般說sure，不說certain
I’m sure I gave him the money.
我肯定我把錢給他了。
2  CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYif something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true 肯定會發生的，必然的，確實的
It now seems certain that there will be an election in May.
現在看來五月份肯定會舉行大選。
Many people look certain to lose their jobs.
許多人看來肯定要失業了。
It is wise to apply early to be certain of obtaining a place.
最好早點申請以確保被錄取。
It’s not certain where he lived.
不清楚他住在哪裏。
His re-election was considered virtually certain.
他再次當選被認爲幾乎已成定局。
It is by no means certain that the deal will be accepted.
還無法確定這筆交易會被接受。
If they stayed in the war zone they would face certain death.
他們如果留在戰區的話，那就必死無疑。
3  make certain 
a) CHECK/MAKE SUREto check that something is correct or true 核實〔某事〕，把…弄清楚 SYN make sure
make certain (that)
We need to make certain that it’s going to fit first.
我們首先要確定這能放得下。
b) CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYto do something in order to be sure that something will happen 確保 SYN make sure
make certain (that)
Secure the edges firmly to make certain that no moisture can get in.
把邊緣扣緊確保不讓潮氣進去。
Examples from the Corpus
make certain• Nicholas knelt, then lifted him to the base of the wall and knelt again, to make certain.• Contractors are working hard to make certain all the homes will be ready for occupation as soon as possible.• Reacher had made certain fine, illegal adjustments of the turbine.• This principle, then, makes certain general predictions about acquisition.• He watched her long enough to make certain she was breathing.• She's clearly intent on making certain that guests enjoy themselves.• Begin by making certain that the door itself is strong enough.• What position are they in to make certain the prisoners abide by the rules of their temporary release?
4  for certain CERTAINLY/DEFINITELYwithout doubt 確定，無疑 SYN for sure
know/say (something) for certain
I know for certain it’s in here somewhere.
我能肯定它就在這裏的某個地方。
that’s/one thing’s for certain
One thing’s for certain, he won’t be back.
有一點可以肯定，他是不會回來了。
Examples from the Corpus
know/say (something) for certain• I didn't really know this for certain.
5  [only before noun] used to talk about a particular person, thing, group of things etc without naming them or describing them exactly 某個；某些
The library’s only open at certain times of day.
這座圖書館只在一天的某些時段開放。
I promised to be in a certain place by lunchtime.
我保證到午飯時我會在這裏的某個地方。
There are certain things I just can’t discuss with my mother.
有些事情我就是沒法和我母親商量。
certain kind/type/sort
the expectation of a certain kind of behaviour
對某種行爲的期望
in certain circumstances/cases etc
Extra funding may be available in certain circumstances.
在某些情況下可能會有額外的資金。
6  a certain 
a) used to say that an amount is not great 一些，一點〔指數量不大〕
You may need to do a certain amount of work in the evenings.
你可能需要在晚上做一點工作。
to a certain extent/degree (=partly, but not completely) 某種程度上
I do agree with his ideas to a certain extent.
我的確有點同意他的觀點。
b) enough of a particular quality to be noticed 稍微的，一些的〔指有某種品質〕
There’s a certain prestige about going to a private school.
上私立學校還是有點體面的。
c) formal used to talk about someone you do not know but whose name you have been told 某位
a certain Mr Franks
一位叫弗蘭克斯的先生
Examples from the Corpus
a certain• The restaurant has a certain charm.• There's a certain Mrs. Myles on the telephone.• A baby was crying, and I felt a certain sympathy for it.
n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: if something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true
phrases
it seems certain that …
It seemed certain that the other team would win.
somebody seems/looks/appears certain to do something
For a while the whole project looked certain to fail.
something is by no means certain (=not definite)
Victory was by no means certain for Smith.
something is far from certain (=not definite)
Success is far from certain.
adverbs
fairly certain
Opposition to the changes is fairly certain.
almost/virtually certain
It is almost certain that she will be given a prison sentence.
Prices are virtually certain to increase.
nouns
certain death
If they stayed in the war zone, they faced almost certain death.
 THESAURUS – Meaning 2: if something is certain, it will definitely happen or is definitely true 肯定會發生的，必然的，確實的
certain if something is certain, you are completely sure that it will happen or is true 確定的，肯定的
Success seems certain.
成功似乎確定無疑。
It is almost certain that there will be a change of government.
幾乎可以肯定，政府將要換屆。
nNobody knows exactly who built the manor, but it is certain that an architect called John Sturges supplied the drawings.
definite if something is definite, it is certain because someone has officially stated that it will happen, is true etc 確定的，明確的
I hope you can give me a definite answer soon.
我希望你快點給我一個明確的答複。
The wedding will be next summer but a definite date has not been arranged yet.
婚禮將在明年夏天舉行，但確切日期尚未敲定。
nI’ve got a good chance of getting the job, but it’s not definite yet.
inevitable if something, especially something bad, is inevitable, it is certain to happen and you cannot do anything to prevent it 〔尤指壞事〕不可避免的
War now seems inevitable.
眼下戰爭看似不可避免。
It was inevitable that he would find out her secret sooner or later.
他遲早會發現她的秘密，這是不可避免的。
nFacial wrinkles are the inevitable result of aging.
be bound to if something is bound to happen, it is very likely to happen, especially because that is what usually happens in that kind of situation. Be bound to is less formal than certain and is very common in everyday spoken English 必定，必將〔be bound to沒有certain正式，在日常英語口語裏很常用〕
The kids are bound to be hungry when they get home – they always are.
孩子們回到家裏必定餓了——他們一向如此。
My car broke down today. It was bound to happen sooner or later.
我的汽車今天壞了，這是遲早的事。
be assured of something formal to be certain to get something good, or to be successful 確信能得到某物，確信會成功
After the success of its recent single, the band is now assured of a contract with a major record company.
最近的單曲唱片發行成功後，該樂隊現在確定能和一家大唱片公司簽約了。
nHe is is virtually assured of becoming the next prime minister.
nOur clients are assured of comfortable accommodation and the attention of our trained staff.
something is a foregone conclusion if something is a foregone conclusion, its result is certain even though it has not happened yet 某事是預料中的必然結果
They were winning by such a large margin that victory seemed to be a foregone conclusion.
他們大幅領先對手，勝利似乎已成定局。
Party members believe it is a foregone conclusion that he will resign.
黨員們相信，他辭職是早晚的事。
Examples from the Corpus
certain• Computer prices will continue to fall - that's certain.• He was certain about one thing - she would come back one day.• You will see that generally a certain amount of light comes through.• Her business faces certain bankruptcy.• Coaches should be certain before they challenge a referee's decision.• Ignoring all warnings, the general led his men to certain death.• It is impossible to look at certain drawings without laughing.• The Minoans also regarded certain inanimate objects as incarnations of a deity.• She won't let you borrow the car - I'm certain of that.• Because the growing, feeding and slaughtering of kosher chickens are supervised by rabbis, all growers must meet certain standards.• It is only in certain subjects - notably mathematics, technical subjects and physics - that boys do better than girls.• Nobody knows exactly who built the manor, but it is certain that an architect called John Sturges supplied the drawings.• As the results came in, it was now almost certain that Ken Livingstone would be the new Mayor of London.• There will also be deep-seated reasons why certain types of behaviour elicit strong responses in others.• Are you certain you didn't leave your keys at home?• Don't stop looking until you're absolutely certain you've found the place you want.
certain (that)• On the other hand, nothing is certain.• The death is slow, taking several years, but certain.• Moderated drinking is seen as a viable goal for certain clients.• The selection of a particular planning frame commits the speaker to using certain function words and affixes and not others.• All the programs block access to certain Internet forums.• Only peddlers or certain ministers would barge right in.• I'm almost certain that Jackie was pregnant when they got married.• Begin by making certain that the door itself is strong enough.• Tumour necrosis factor, interferon alfa, and interleukin 2 have already been expressed and secreted in high concentrations within certain tumours.
It ... seems certain that• It seems certain that all eight have been copied, ultimately from a single ancestral globin gene.• It now seems certain that cheap, convenient videoconferencing is at last going to reach a mass market of computer users.• In terms of the training materials themselves, it seems certain that digital multimedia will play a major role.• It seems certain that pavement K, Woodchester is of the same period as the Orpheus mosaic, i.e. c. 310-325.• It seems certain that there is still a place for working elephants in mountainous regions where machinery can not easily operate.• It seems certain that to Modigliani she acted as stimulant, irritant and catalyst for his work.• It now seems certain that, whichever party comes to power on 5 March, the latest funding measures will be upheld.
certain kind/type/sort• Shaq, this move is only effective against a certain type of defense.• Schattschneider argues that certain types of groups are organised into politics and others are organised out of it'.• And a certain kind of heroism, a tone of valiant despair, colors the choreography.• There is a certain kind of leader who recruits only people like himself or herself.• Perhaps it was that which made her attractive to a certain type of man.• These networks, which included certain kinds of neighbouring, included those for whom ties of kinship were of primary significance.• In the first place, the rule could apply only to a certain kind of poetry.
certain2 pronoun
certain of somebody/something formal particular people or things in a group 人/物中的某些
Certain of the payments were made on Mr Maxwell’s authority.
部分款項是經馬克斯韋爾先生批準支付的。
Examples from the Corpus
certain• You have to be a certain height to go on some of the rides.• There are certain things I just can't talk to my mother about.• Some vegetables are only available at certain times of the year.• In certain ways Martha's good to work for, but she's really sarcastic.
From Longman Business Dictionary
certaincer·tain /ˈsɜːtnˈsɜːrtn/ adjectiveadj
a sum certainLAW an amount of money that cannot be changed or have anything added to it
a written order requiring the importer to pay a sum certain in the exporter’s domestic currency
Origin certain1
(1200-1300) Old French Vulgar Latin certanus, from Latin certus “decided, certain”, from cernere “to sift, decide”

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