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BNC: 1184 COCA: 937

pain

Word family 
pain1 /peɪn/ ●●● S2 W2 noun → pane
1  [countableC, uncountableU]PAIN the feeling you have when part of your body hurts 〔肉體上的〕疼，痛，疼痛
The pain is getting worse.
疼得越來越厲害了。
pain in
She felt a sharp pain in her leg.
她感到腿上一陣劇痛。
Greg was in a lot of pain.
格雷格疼痛萬分。
→ growing pains(2)
2  [countableC, uncountableU]SUFFER the feeling of unhappiness you have when you are sad, upset etc 痛苦；苦惱；煩惱
the pain and grief of bereavement
喪親之痛
cause (somebody) pain/inflict pain on somebody
She hated to say the words, for fear of causing pain.
她不願說那些話，怕傷害了别人。
3  be a pain (in the neck)  (also be a pain in the ass/arse/backside/butt not polite) spokenDIFFICULT to be very annoying 令人極其討厭
There were times when Joe could be a real pain in the neck.
有時候喬真的很討人嫌。
It’s a pain, having to go upstairs to make the coffee every time.
每次都得上樓去煮咖啡，真討厭。
Examples from the Corpus
be a pain (in the neck)• Everyone thinks he's a pain in the neck.• It's such a pain to have to drive downtown.• I hate the IVs, they hurt and are a pain.• Little brothers are such a pain in the neck!• Carla can be a pain sometimes, but she's been a good friend to me.• Instead all she could feel was pain.• When I entered it, I was pained with the cold.• Just the starting it is a pain and the tipping it to get it started is a pain.• She felt her strength returning, but there was pain in her eyes, chest and throat.• I imagined myself traveling the world, giving succor wherever there was pain and suffering.
4  take/go to (great) pains to do something  (also take pains with/over something)CAREFUL to make a special effort to do something 煞費苦心做某事；十分努力地做某事
He’s taken great pains to improve his image.
他煞費苦心要改善自己的形象。
Examples from the Corpus
take/go to (great) pains to do something• Mr Lendrem has gone to great pains to establish one thing: that all of his preconceptions concerning bird behaviour are true.• However, composers often go to great pains to keep to true intervals.
5  be at pains to do something CAREFULto be especially careful to make sure people understand what you are saying or what you plan to do 小心翼翼地做某事〔以免别人誤解〕
Roy was at pains to point out that English was the only exam he’d ever failed.
羅伊特地說明英語是他唯一曾經考試不及格的科目。
Examples from the Corpus
be at pains to do something• She taught in a racially mixed school and was at pains to correct simple stereotypes and unthinking prejudices.• A year on they acknowledge the problems, but are at pains to defend the good name of their community.• The U.S. military has been at pains not to offend its Muslim host.• These he is at pains to hide in order to promote the fiction of his rise from rags to riches.• Mrs Henessy was at pains to say that she was fighting for a principle, not just for financial compensation.• I was at pains to show how and why.• Writers in the early art and photographic journals were at pains to define its precise meaning.• Officials were at pains to point out that it was focused on resolving border disputes and promoting trade.• She was at pains to tell me - several times - that her male friends were divided into two groups.• They are at pains to insist that they are not called to be a denomination.
6  for your pains DO something/TAKE ACTIONas a reward for something you worked to achieve – used especially when this is disappointing 作爲辛勞的報酬〔尤指結果令人失望〕
I fetched the file, and all I got for my pains was a dirty look from Simon.
我去拿來了文件，而我得到的回報竟是西蒙厭惡的一瞥。
Examples from the Corpus
for your pains• But I was laughed at for my pains.• The farmer took a cigarette for his pains and refused food.• He got a knighthood as well as a fortune for his pains - the first professional sportsman to do so.• Ryker pushed against the back of a man trying to get through and got an angry glare for his pains.• All I got for my pains was a grunt that fitted well with his simian features.• Instead, he got mystery for his pains, more and more mystery.• Feminists who recognize this contradiction are pilloried for their pains.
7. no pain, no gainno gain no pain used to say that you can only achieve something, for example become fitter, by suffering or working hard 不勞無獲；一分耕耘，一分收獲
8  on/under pain of death KILLat the risk of being killed as punishment, if you do not obey 違者處死
Communist activity was prohibited on pain of death.
過去禁止共産主義活動，違者處死。
Examples from the Corpus
on/under pain of death• In effect, each is swearing to keep it on pain of death.
 COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
bad 厲害的
Later that evening, the pain was really bad.
那天深夜,疼痛非常劇烈。
terrible/awful 可怕的/厲害的
I woke up with a terrible pain in my side.
醒來時我身體一側疼得很厲害。
severe/intense 嚴重的/劇烈的
Ever since the accident, Mike’s suffered from severe back pain.
自那次事故之後,邁克一直忍受着背部的劇痛。
excruciating (=very severe) 極痛苦的,極嚴重的
The pain in my eye was excruciating.
我的眼睛痛得受不了。
a sharp pain (=short but severe) 劇痛
She felt a sharp pain in the back of her throat.
她感到喉嚨裏一陣劇痛。
a slight pain (=not severe) 微痛
nI’ve got a slight pain in my side.
a dull pain (=a slight but continuous pain) 隐痛
nThere was a dull pain in his lower jaw.
a nagging pain (=felt all the time) 持續不斷的痛
nRob felt fine, apart from a nagging pain in his left wrist.
chronic pain (=pain that you suffer from for long periods of time) 慢性疼痛
nMany of the elderly patients suffer chronic pain.
a shooting pain (=a severe pain that goes from one part of your body to another) 刺痛
nThe shooting pains in her arms and legs slowly began to die away.
a searing pain (=very severe, as if you have been burnt) 灼痛
nHis elbow struck the side of the table, sending a searing pain through his arm.
na stabbing pain (=sharp and sudden)
Marcus heard a shot and felt a stabbing pain at the back of his ankle.
na throbbing pain (=a pain that gets stronger and then weaker, in a steady continuous beat)
I’ve still got this throbbing pain in my leg.
back/chest/stomach etc pain 背/胸/胃部等疼痛
nMany people suffer from back pain.
abdominal pain 腹痛
nSeveral of the hotel’s guests had persistent abdominal pain and diarrhoea.
physical pain 身體疼痛
nHe couldn’t stand physical pain.
nlabour pains British EnglishBrE, labor pains American EnglishAmE (=felt by a woman at the time she is having a baby)
Becky was at work when labour pains began.
verbs
have a pain 感到疼痛
I’ve got a terrible pain in my stomach.
我胃痛得厲害。
feel pain 感到疼痛
The dentist told me that I wouldn’t feel any pain.
牙醫跟我說我一點都不會覺得痛的。
be in pain 感到疼痛
Despite being in great pain, he managed to call for help.
盡管忍受着劇痛,他仍設法呼救了。
suffer (from) pain 忍受疼痛
She suffers from chronic pain in her legs.
她忍受着腿部慢性疼痛的折磨。
inflict pain 施加痛苦
The guards enjoyed inflicting pain on them.
看守們喜歡給他們施加痛苦。
relieve/ease pain (also alleviate pain formal) (=make it less severe) 緩解/減輕痛苦
Exercise can help to relieve lower back pain.
鍛煉有助於減輕腰痛。
experience pain formal 經歷疼痛,忍受痛苦
nAnimals caught in the trap experience great pain before they die.
complain of pain (=say that you have a pain in a part of your body) 訴說疼痛症狀
nAfter we finished our run, Tom complained of pains in his chest.
the pain gets worse 疼痛加劇
nIf the pain gets any worse, see your doctor.
the pain goes away (also the pain subsides formal) (=becomes less severe) 痛感消失
nHe lay still until the pain had subsided to a dull ache.
nthe pain comes and goes (=keeps starting and stopping)
The pain comes and goes but it’s never too severe.
pain + NOUN
pain relief (=a drug or treatment that makes pain less severe) 鎮痛藥；鎮痛治療
nThese drugs offer effective pain relief for the very sick.
somebody’s pain threshold (=their ability to bear pain) 痛覺阈限,痛阈
nEveryone has a different pain threshold.
phrases
aches and pains 輕微疼痛
Everyone has a few aches and pains when they get older.
上了年紀後人人都會有些小病小痛的。
COMMON ERRORSDon’t say ‘big pain’. Say terrible pain or severe pain.
不要說 ‘big pain’. 而要說 terrible pain 或 severe pain.
 THESAURUS
pain noun [countableC, uncountableU] the feeling when part of your body hurts 〔身體某部分的〕疼痛
A broken leg can cause a lot of pain.
腿部骨折會産生劇痛。
He felt a sharp pain in his chest.
他感到胸口一陣刺痛。
ache noun [countableC, uncountableU] a continuous pain, especially one that is not very bad. Most commonly used in compounds such as headache, toothache, and backache 〔持續的,尤指不十分劇烈的〕疼痛〔多用於構成複合詞,如 headache,toothache 和 backache〕
I felt an ache in my back after decorating all day.
裝修了一整天,我感到背有點痛。
Driving gives me a headache.
開車讓我頭痛。
nI’ve got stomach ache.
nDo you have earache?
twinge noun [countableC] a sudden slight pain that comes and then disappears quickly 〔突發而短暫的〕微痛,刺痛
When I bent down I felt a twinge in my back.
我俯身時感到背上一陣微痛。
discomfort noun [uncountableU] formal an uncomfortable feeling in your body, or a slight pain 不適；微痛
The procedure takes five minutes and only causes slight discomfort.
整個過程爲時五分鐘,僅有些許不適。
agony noun [uncountableU] a feeling of great pain, or a situation in which you feel a lot of pain 極度痛苦
the agony of childbirth
分娩的劇痛
I was in agony by the time I got to the hospital.
我到醫院時已痛得很厲害。
nIt was agony (=very painful)getting up out of bed.
suffering noun [uncountableU] continuous physical or mental pain, which makes someone very unhappy 〔身體或精神上的〕痛苦,苦惱
I just wanted someone to put an end to my suffering.
我真想有人來結束我的痛苦。
the suffering of the earthquake victims
地震災民的苦難
Examples from the Corpus
pain• They simply tell us that some one has some very specific desires, aches and pains.• In college, Durban began to suffer from headches and pain in his arms and legs• the pleasures and pains of trying to earn money as a writer• You won't feel any pain during the operation.• A slipped disc can cause severe back pain.• He told the doctor he was suffering from chest pains.• Dash put his head in his hands, as if in pain.• These are the truly intractable pains and they are called intractable because they respond to no known form of therapy.• Kerry had to drive herself to the hospital when the labor pains began.• Two days later, after refusing to eat and complaining of stomach pain, Jimmy was hospitalized.• The drug is often used to ease the pain of dying cancer patients.• Over time, the pain usually lessens and goes away, but this may take several months to several years.• The pain is getting worse.• It is state officials who are responsible for finding victims and easing their pain with financial help.• If unusual pain or symptoms occur consult physician.
a lot of pain• She knew there was going to be a lot of pain.• I was feeling a lot of pain and I just wanted it to end.• We find them wet and in a lot of pain.• If Mrs Jones is looking uncomfortable, she may have wet herself, or she may be in a lot of pain.• Pat is keeping remarkably cheerful despite being in a lot of pain.• While I was doing this, the enemy shot thousands of arrows at me, which caused me a lot of pain.• She took a lot of pains with him.• With a lot of pain and suffering.
pain and grief• Tears of frustration, anger, pain and grief.• It was as though all the pain and grief inside her was so heavy and immense that it had totally stunned her.
pain2 verb [transitiveT]
it pains somebody to do something formalUPSET used to say that it is very difficult and upsetting for someone to have to do something 某人因不得不做某事而感到苦惱
Examples from the Corpus
it pains somebody to do something• Most burglars, it pains me to say, are just looking for the easy dollar.• It pained her to see how much older Bill was looking.• As much as it pains us to write this, now is time for Dan to step down.
Examples from the Corpus
pain• His war wound which had pained him earlier was now turning to agony.• She is pained that he can exclude her from his life.
Origin pain1
(1200-1300) Old French peine, from Latin poena, from Greek poine “payment, punishment”

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