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IELTS BNC: 358 COCA: 670

subject

Word family 
Related topics: School, College, Painting and drawing, Photography, Biology, Grammar, Citizenship
sub·ject1 /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ ●●● S2 W1 noun [countableC]
1  thing talked about 談論的事情SUBJECT the thing you are talking about or considering in a conversation, discussion, book, film etc 〔對話、討論、書、電影等的〕主題，題目；話題
Paul has strong opinions on most subjects.
保羅在大多數問題上觀點激烈。
The subjects covered in this chapter are exercise and nutrition.
本章涵蓋的主題是運動和營養。
subject of
Truffaut’s childhood memories were the subject of his first film.
特呂弗的童年記憶是他第一部電影的主題。
While we’re on the subject of money, do you have the $10 you owe me?
既然我們談到錢這個話題，那你欠我的十美元，現在有嗎？
Don’t say ‘the subject is about ... ’: The subject of the poem is war. | The poem is about war.
不要說 ‘the subject is about ...’: The subject of the poem is war. 該詩的主題是戰爭。 | The poem is about war. 這首詩寫的是戰爭。
→ subject matter
2  at school 在學校SESSEC an area of knowledge that you study at a school or university 學科，科目；課程
My favorite subject is math.
我最喜歡的學科是數學。
3  in art 在藝術方面AVPTCP the thing or person that you show when you paint a picture, take a photograph etc 〔繪畫、攝影等的〕題材，主題
Monet loved to use gardens as his subjects.
莫奈喜歡以花園作爲題材。
4  in a test 在實驗中HBTEST/EXPERIMENT a person or animal that is used in a test or experiment 實驗對象，接受實驗的人[動物]
The subjects of this experiment were all men aged 18–35.
實驗對象均爲 18 至 35 歲的男性。
5. grammar 語法SLG a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that usually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated, for example ‘she’ in ‘She hit John’ or ‘elephants’ in ‘Elephants are big’ 主語〔如 She hit John 中的 she，或 Elephants are big 中的 elephants〕 → object1(6)
6  citizen 公民 formalPGC someone who was born in a country that has a king or queen, or someone who has a right to live there 〔君主國的〕臣民，國民
a British subject
英國國民
→ citizen(2), national2
 COLLOCATIONS
verbs
discuss/talk about a subject 討論/談論某一話題
Have you discussed the subject with your husband?
你和你丈夫討論過這個問題嗎？
change the subject (=start talking about something different) 改變話題
She tried to change the subject.
她試圖改變話題。
mention a subject 提到某一話題
The subject was not mentioned again.
這個問題沒有再提到。
deal with/cover a subject (=speak or write about it) 論述某一主題
The subject is dealt with in great detail in his previous book.
這個問題在他前一本書中有詳盡論述。
touch on a subject (=say or write a little about it) 觸及某一話題
nIn his speech, he touched on the subject of death.
bring up/raise a subject (=deliberately start talking about it) 提出某一話題
nYou brought the subject up, not me.
get onto a subject (=happen to start talking about it) 開始談論某一話題
nWe somehow got onto the subject of detective stories.
broach a subject (=start talking about a sensitive subject) 開始談論某一敏感話題
nShe hesitated, wondering exactly how to broach the subject of their sleeping arrangements.
get back to a subject 回到某一話題
nSomehow I just knew in the end we would get back to the subject of money.
drop a subject (=stop talking about it) 不再談某一話題
nTo her relief, Julius dropped the subject.
avoid/keep off/stay off a subject (=not talk about it) 避開某一話題
nI knew he was trying to avoid the subject of drugs.
nShe hoped that Anna would keep off the subject of Luke for the next few hours.
nget somebody off a subject (=make them talk about something else)
It was difficult to get him off the subject of cars.
a subject comes up (=people start talking about it) 某一話題被提到
nThe subject of payment never came up.
adjectives
an interesting/fascinating subject 有趣的話題
Fame is a fascinating subject.
名譽是個極有趣的話題。
a difficult/complex subject (=very complicated) 困難/複雜的話題
Immigration is a complex subject.
移民是一個複雜的話題。
a controversial subject 有爭議的話題
The content of the curriculum has become a controversial subject.
課程内容已變成一個有爭議的話題。
a sensitive/touchy subject (=one that people may get upset about) 敏感的話題
nSteer clear of complicated issues or sensitive subjects.
na delicate subject (=one that may be embarrassing)
She carefully avoided discussing the delicate subject of money.
a taboo subject (=one that it is not acceptable to mention) 禁忌的話題
nFor them, death was not a taboo subject.
phrases
a subject of/for discussion 討論的主題
TV is a favourite subject for discussion.
電視是一個特别受歡迎的討論主題。
a subject of conversation 談話的主題
She searched for a new subject of conversation.
她尋找新的話題。
a subject of/for debate (=a subject people discuss and disagree about) 辯論的主題
nThe reason for the increased risk of cancer is still a subject of debate.
a subject of controversy (=a subject people disagree about strongly) 爭議的主題
nNuclear power is still the subject of considerable controversy.
na subject area (=a group of related subjects)
He has written a lot in this subject area.
Examples from the Corpus
subject• Subjects for this experiment represented a good cross-section of the American population.• All subjects were tested for perfect hearing before the experiment began.• Each subject is given a number.• Revision is necessary to make provision for emerging subjects.• History was my favorite subject in school.• English was my favourite subject at school.• But his subjects refused to sit still, disappearing into cellars and doorways.• I read a lot of books about astronomy. It's a very interesting subject.• We talked about all sorts of subjects.• Until about 20 years ago, the subject of the environment was hardly discussed.• The brewing group has been the subject of intense speculation for decades.• I could see John was embarrassed, so I changed the subject.• As we have seen, this second chance to debate the subject of dissension within the community was also rejected.• This is getting us nowhere. Let's just drop the subject, okay?• Instead, she took a job as a maid - the subject of her first book, One Pair of Hands.• Half of the subjects were given caffeine.• The first book on the subject was published in 1900.• He has very little to say on the subject of the accusations made against him.• I asked some human beings, people who had studied the subject for years, and they did not know.• So many antiques that Architectural Digest magazine devoted a lengthy article to the subject in its November issue.• Bottle-collecting even has a website devoted to the subject.• Truffaut's childhood memories were the subject of his first film.• What subjects are you studying?
on the subject of• Marie said nothing at all on the subject of Mr Bertram.• Part of the programme included talks prepared by the cadets on the subject of the centenary.• Let us examine the views of the hon. Member for Fife, Central on the subject of TECs.• He's not very talkative except on the subject of his plants.• Mr. Key I am delighted to reassure the hon. Gentleman on the subject of computer software for local authorities.• The smoke in Broadcasting House offices blew through long meetings on the subject of Julian and Sandy.• While we're on the subject of money, do you have that $10 you owe me?• After all, thought I, I was the best qualified of those present to speak on the subject of the future.• I have collected this catalogue from the dozens of workshops and courses I have run for teachers on the subject of stress.• But something had happened when she'd touched on the subject of Tony.• Several good books have been written on the subject of personality disorders.
Related topics: Government
subject2 ●○○ adjectiveadj
1  be subject to something 
a) if someone or something is subject to something, especially something bad, it is possible or likely that they will be affected by it 易受某人[某事]影響；可能會…的
All flights are subject to delay.
所有航班都有可能延誤。
Prices are subject to change.
價格有可能變化。
b) DEPEND ON/RELY ONif something is subject to something such as approval, it depends on that thing happening before it can happen 取決於某人[某事]，視某人[某事]而定
The funding is subject to approval by the Board of Education.
撥款有待教育委員會批準。
Examples from the Corpus
be subject to something• For at least a month before Christmas we were subjected to an endless barrage of ads for fattening festive foods.• The sale, which is subject to financing and regulatory approval, is expected to close in June 1996.• And even these categories are subject to quotas and waiting periods.• On these pretexts they were subjected to recurring cycles of violence, mass expulsion, and mass murder.• But there's a price-his finances are subject to strict oversight by Washington University.• Proprietorships are subject to sudden and unpredictable demise, but, legally at least, corporations are immortal.• Both figures are subject to the usual caveats about margins of error.
2  be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax etc if you are subject to a rule, law, penalty etc, you must obey the rule or pay an amount of money 須遵守規則/須遵守法令/須繳納罰款/須繳納稅款等
Violators are subject to a $100 fine.
違者罰款 100 美元。
3  [only before noun] formalPG a subject country, state, people etc are strictly governed by another country 〔國家、人民等〕被他國統治的，受人管轄的
subject peoples
被他國統治的民族
Examples from the Corpus
subject• Marx maintained that in all class societies, the ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject class.
Related topics: Government
sub·ject3 /səbˈdʒekt/ ●○○ verb [transitiveT]
1.formalPGCONTROL to force a country or group of people to be ruled by you, and control them very strictly 使隸屬，使順從；征服
2 subject somebody/something to something phrasal verbphr v SUFFERto force someone or something to experience something very unpleasant, especially over a long time 〔尤指長期〕使遭受，使經歷，使蒙受
Police subjected him to hours of questioning.
警察對他進行了長時間的盤問。
subject somebody to an ordeal/abuse/harassment
Barker subjected his victim to awful abuse.
巴克對其受害者進行了殘酷的虐待。
Examples from the Corpus
subject to • Most of these provisions subject clauses to a test of reasonableness; however, some clauses are made wholly ineffective.• Does the picture show the subject off to best advantage?• Although we welcome the Bill, we shall subject it to detailed scrutiny in Committee.• However, unwarranted use of antibiotics can help create drug-resistant bacteria and subject patients to nasty side effects, like severe diarrhea.• The third bill treats unsolicited e-mail like unsolicited faxes and subjects the sender to potential criminal sanction.• The teacher is subject only to the countercontrol exerted by the student.• Others would be the subject of reports to the Director of Public Prosecutions and the authorities.• Journalists now subject him to the scrutiny he avoided in his stealthy rise.
Examples from the Corpus
subject• Responses to natural challenges thus continually free humanity from its environment and at the same time subject it to the resultant solutions.• Most authors of political business cycle models subject their models to econometric or other forms of testing.• Exhaust gases are then subjected to an air injection which encourages unburnt fuel to ignite in the exhaust manifold.• The only sign of this disorder is the splitting of albumin into two distinct bands when serum is subjected to electrophoresis.• To what extent are club doctors subject to pressure to agree to players playing while injured?• Because they lead somewhat unusual lives, college teachers are often subjected to this type of elaborate caricature.• Physiological mechanisms which control the population dynamics are also subject to variation and selection.
From Longman Business Dictionary
subjectsub·ject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ adjectiveadj
1subject to used to say that something is affected, or can be affected, by something
Withdrawals are subject to a withholding tax of between 10% and 30%.
Dealers convicted of felony charges will be subject to suspension.
2subject to dependent on something else
The proposed transaction is subject to shareholder approval.
A deal has been struck, subject to contract (=it is not final until the contract has been signed).
3subject to averageINSURANCE used in insurance contracts to describe a situation in which a property has been insured for less than its real value, and the insured person has to pay for part of any loss
In the event of under-insurance, the settlement would be subject to average.
Origin subject1
(1300-1400) Old French Latin subjectus, from subicere “to put under your control”, from jacere “to throw”

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