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TOEFL BNC: 102 COCA: 118

down

Word family 
Related topics: Geography, Sport, Illness & disability, Computers, College
down1 /daʊn/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv , preposition , adjective
1  to a lower position 向較低的位置移動DOWN to or towards a lower place or position 向下（的），往下（的） OPP up
David bent down to tie his shoelace.
戴維彎腰系鞋帶。
Get down off the table.
從桌子上下來。
Tears were streaming down my face.
我淚流滿面。
The sun was going down and it would soon be dark.
夕陽西下，天很快就要黑了。
They came running down the stairs.
他們跑下樓來。
She stood on a balcony looking down into the courtyard.
她站在陽台上朝下面的院子望去。
Glancing down the list of runners, I noticed a familiar name.
我往下掃了一眼賽跑選手的名單，注意到了一個熟悉的名字。
Her hair came down to her waist.
她的頭發一直垂到腰際。
Ken fell asleep face down (=with his face towards the ground) on the couch.
肯趴在長沙發上睡着了。
2  UNDER/BELOWin a lower place 在較低的位置 in a lower place or position 在下面（的） OPP up
We heard the sound of laughter down below.
我們聽到下面有笑聲。
The bathroom is down those stairs.
浴室在那段樓梯下面。
Halfway down the page, there was the item I was looking for.
在這一頁中間有我在找的内容。
3  LIE DOWNto lie/sit 躺/坐 into a sitting or lying position （坐）下；（躺）下
Please sit down.
請坐。
I think I’ll go and lie down for a while.
我想去躺一會兒。
4  NEXT TOalong 沿着 at or to a place that is further along something such as a road or path 沿着，順着
A young man came hurrying down the street.
一個年輕人急匆匆地沿着街道走來。
She looked down the road to see if anyone was coming.
她順着馬路望去，看是否有人來。
There is a pleasant little cafe bar a hundred yards down the road.
沿這條路往前100碼處有家很舒適的小咖啡館。
The bus stop is a bit further down on the left-hand side.
公共汽車站還要往前一點，在左邊。
5  SGDOWNsouth 南面 in or towards the south 在南方；向南方 OPP up
They drove all the way down from Boston to Miami.
他們從波士頓開車南下一直到邁阿密。
They sailed down the east coast of Africa.
他們駕船沿非洲東海岸南下。
Now he’s bought a villa down south.
現在他在南部買下了一座别墅。
a trip down Mexico way
往南向墨西哥的旅行
6  somewhere local 在當地某處 at or to a place that is not far away 在[向]附近（的），在[向]不遠處（的）
She’s just gone down to the shops.
她剛到附近的商店去了。
I saw her down at the station this morning.
今天早上我在附近的車站看見了她。
7  river 河 away from the place where a river starts 順河而下 OPP up
Chunks of ice came floating down the river.
大塊大塊的冰順河漂下。
8  TIGHTfastened to a surface 固定在表面的 used with verbs that mean ‘fasten’ to show that something is fastened firmly to the surface or object below it 固定在表面[下面的物體上]的
The coffin lid had been nailed down.
棺蓋已被釘上。
9  LESSless 減少 at or towards a level or amount that is less 〔程度或數量〕處於低水平（的），減少（的），下降（的） OPP up
Keep your speed down.
速度放慢。
House prices have come down in recent months.
最近幾個月房價降下來了。
Turn the radio down.
把收音機的音量調低。
down to
Sharif cut his report down to only three pages.
沙裏夫把報告删減到只有三頁。
10  IN A GAMEDSlosing 落後 losing to an opponent by a certain number of points 〔以某一比分〕落後（的）
two goals down/three points down etc
Swindon were six points down at one stage.
斯溫登隊一度落後六分。
11  TCwritten 寫下WRITE used with verbs that mean ‘write’ to show that you write something on paper or in a book （記）下，（寫）下
I’ll write down the address for you.
我替你把地址寫下來。
Start by jotting down a few ideas.
開始先記下幾個想法。
Let’s put you down as self-employed.
我們就寫你是自由職業者吧。
12  LISTon a list 在名單上 if you are down for something, your name is on a list of people who want to do something or are intended to do something （登記）在名單上
down for
Purvis is down for the 200 metre freestyle event.
珀維斯上200米自由泳比賽名單了。
We’ve already put his name down for nursery school.
我們已經給他報名上幼兒園了。
down to do something
I’ve got you down to do the table decorations.
我準備讓你裝飾桌子。
13  FAMILYto later times 後來 from an earlier time in history to a later time or to people who are born in later times 後來（的），以後（的）
a person whose words and actions have inspired millions of people down the centuries
其言論和行爲在以後幾百年裏激勵了無數人的一個人
This knowledge was handed down in the family from father to son.
這一知識在家族裏父子相傳。
The story has been passed down the generations for a thousand years.
這則故事一千年來代代相傳。
down to
traditions that have come down to us from medieval times
從中世紀流傳到我們這一代的傳統
14  BBpaid immediately 當場支付 paid to someone immediately 當場支付
A top quality freezer for only £20 down and £5 a week for a year.
一台優質的冰櫃只需20英鎊首付款，餘額每周付5英鎊，一年内付清。
15  DOWNevery part 每一部分 from top to bottom 從頂部到底部
I want you to wash my car down.
請你把我的車徹底沖洗幹淨。
16  MIswallowed 咽下的 in or into your stomach as a result of swallowing （咽）下（的），（吞）下（的）
Meg’s been very ill and can’t keep her food down.
梅格病得很重，咽不下東西。
He gulped down the coffee.
他大口喝下咖啡。
17  SADSAD/UNHAPPYsad 傷心 unhappy or sad 不開心的，傷心的
Tim’s been feeling down.
蒂姆最近情緒很低落。
► see thesaurus at sad
18. COMPUTERTDcomputer 計算機 if a computer is down, it is not working 停止工作的，停機的，不運行的 OPP up► see thesaurus at broken
19  be down to somebody RESPONSIBLEif an action or decision is down to you, it is your responsibility 由某人負責
It’s down to me to make sure that everyone is happy.
讓每個人愉快是我的責任。
→ be up to somebody at up1
Examples from the Corpus
be down to somebody• By his calculations he was down to $ 12,006.• However, monthly inflation, which had reached 123 percent in February, was down to 5 percent by May-June.• By 1970, about 20 percent of the land in cultivation was down to export crops.• Of course, much of this is down to familiarity - knowing where the goal posts are.• Her garters were down to her ankles.• Attendances were down to one million per week.• A few students had left; the class was down to twelve or thirteen.
20  be down to somebody/something RESULTto be the result of one person’s actions or one particular thing 是某人/某事的結果，歸因於某人/某事
Chris’s success is all down to him.
克裏斯的成功完全是他自己努力的結果。
Examples from the Corpus
be down to somebody/something• By his calculations he was down to $ 12,006.• However, monthly inflation, which had reached 123 percent in February, was down to 5 percent by May-June.• Of course, much of this is down to familiarity - knowing where the goal posts are.• Say it was down to fifty.• Her garters were down to her ankles.• Attendances were down to one million per week.• A few students had left; the class was down to twelve or thirteen.
21  be down to your last pound/dollar/litre etc SMALLto be left with only a small amount of something 只剩下最後一英鎊/一美元/一升等
We’re down to our last five dollars.
我們只剩下最後五美元了。
22  down to something/somebody LOW POSITION OR RANKincluding everything or everyone, even the smallest thing or the least important person 下至〔最小的〕某物/〔等級低或職位低的〕某人
Everyone uses the cafeteria, from the managing director down to the office boy.
上至常務董事下至辦公室的工友，大家都在食堂用餐。
The plans were all complete down to the last detail.
計劃連最後的細節都已經敲定了。
23  be/go down with something MIto have a particular illness 患某種疾病
Jane’s gone down with flu.
簡得了流感。
Examples from the Corpus
be/go down with something• There was a sudden space when the man at Riven's shoulder went down with a cry.• I was having a really hard time and I went down with Isabel and my dad.• Mr Black paid them off on all the equipment which went down with it, but which I know was not destroyed.• I went down with nothing but a. 45-caliber pistol and a flashlight.• Outside linebacker Mike Morton, making his first start since Rob Fredrickson went down with season-ending shoulder surgery, had eight tackles.• Looking back, it seemed inevitable that Evelyn would go down with some sort of psychological trouble.• These kids are 13,14, and they wan na be down with somethin'.• Who knows what went down with them?
24  Down with somebody/something spokenPPPAGAINST/OPPOSE used to say that you strongly oppose a government, leader etc and want them to lose their power 打倒某人/某物
Down with the government!
打倒政府！
25  be down on somebody/something informalAGAINST/OPPOSE to have a severe attitude towards someone or something, especially when this is unfair 對某人/某物態度惡劣
Why is Mark so down on her at the moment?
馬克現在爲什麽對她態度這麽惡劣？
Examples from the Corpus
be down on somebody/something• Copper producers were down on a drop in copper prices.• At the half-year stage profits are expected to be down on last year - around £35m against £39m.• It wasn't that money was being stolen or sneaked - everything was down on paper.• Constable Collins liked shrimp and often bought a tub of them when he was down on the Front.• Ten minutes later I was down on the private beach.• He was down on the shore, a shadow edged with silver light, combing the tide line.• Families that were down on their luck could get a small loan, food, a job referral.
26  SECleaving university 離開大學 British EnglishBrE used to say that someone leaves or has left a university at the end of a period of study 畢業
down from
Sarah came down from Oxford in 1966.
薩拉是在1966年從牛津大學畢業的。
27  completed 完成的 already done or completed 做完的，完成的
Well, you’ve passed your second test, so it’s two down and four more to go.
好，你已經通過了第二項測驗，那麽已有兩項完成，還有四項。
28. down under informalSANSG in or to Australia or New Zealand 在[前往]澳大利亞[新西蘭]
n29. → Down!
30. be down with somebody spoken informal to be friends with someone 與某人交上朋友
Examples from the Corpus
be down with somebody• All the senior police officers were down with flu - so the Chief Constable asked for his aid.• By the time I jumped back inside he looked like he was down with flu.• These kids are 13,14, and they wan na be down with somethin'.• When they arrived, they were told that Mahdi was down with the flu.
→ be down on your luck at luck1(17)
Examples from the Corpus
down• The next day, the sky was clear and the sun beat down.• Keep your speed down.• Can I turn the TV down a little?• Lease a new Ford today for no money down and low monthly payments.• Angie, why don't you sit down and relax?• Were there many people down at the beach today?• Grit and sand can wear down every moving part in your bike.• I think I'll go and lie down for a while.• The only thing I don't like about living down here is the traffic.• House prices have come down in recent months.• We've got most of the old Tarzan books down in the basement.• Lots of trees were blown down onto houses when a tornado hit Cleveland County.• I have his number down somewhere.• There's a parking lot down there, below the cliff.• We're going down to the mall and look at those cars they have there.• David bent down to tie his shoelace.• Well, we could tape the mat down with duct tape.
face down• Now he could see that it was lying face down.• She was flung violently forward, to land face down in a heap of blankets.• After Vorontseff had fallen off twice he was hoisted up by a grinning trooper and thrown face down in front of the saddle.• Side by side, the two men lay face down in the grass, feet toward the rear of the pale car.• He threw himself, face down, into the two-foot-deep trench and lay still.• Douglas found her lying face down on the floor.• I was lying face down on the ground.• The pieces would be taken out and placed face down on the ground.• The view while lying face down, shielding our eyes from the sun with our hands, was superb.• Larry Flynt presents the infamous pornographer as a likable slob who faced down the big guys and won.
down to• Why don't you come down to Albuquerque?• Sharif cut his report down to only three pages.
down from• You know their neighbor, the one that lives two doors down from them?
Down!
spokenDHPDOWN used to tell a jumping dog to get down 趴下！〔用於命令起跳的狗〕
Related topics: Food
down2 verb [transitiveT]
1  DFEATto drink or eat something quickly 大口喝下；快速吃下
He downed the coffee in one gulp.
他一口就把咖啡喝了下去。
2  HITto knock or force someone to the ground 將〔某人〕打倒在地
O'Malley downed his opponent in the first round.
奧馬利第一回合就把對手擊倒。
3. down tools British EnglishBrEBEL to stop working, especially because you are taking part in a strike (=protest about pay or conditions by stopping work) 停工；罷工
Examples from the Corpus
down tools• After their workmate was sacked, the other machinists all downed tools until she was reinstated.
Examples from the Corpus
down• He claimed the rebels downed 35 government aircraft.• After downing a whole bottle of tequila, she swallowed several dozen sleeping tablets.• More than 60 electrical wires were downed by the wet, heavy snow.• The servant brought a glass of water, which I downed in a single mouthful.• Parker downed it in one swallow.• Malone added 20 points as Utah downed Orlando in Salt Lake City.• Schumacher sank back in his seat and downed the tumbler of whisky which had appeared at his side.• Jack downed three beers with his steak and fries.
Related topics: Birds, American football
down3 noun
1. [uncountableU]DCB soft hair like a baby’s 柔毛，絨毛
2. [uncountableU]HBB the soft fine feathers of a bird 〔鳥的〕絨羽
3. [countableC]DSA one of the four chances that an American football team has to move forward when it is their turn to have the ball 〔美式橄欖球中的〕10碼進攻〔進攻方必須累計推進10碼的四次機會之一〕
4. the downs DNSGlow round hills covered with grass, as in the south of England 〔英格蘭南部等的〕有草丘陵
Examples from the Corpus
the downs• So I continued south, making my way along the great chalk road which snaked across the Downs to Dover.• But Merlins are not infrequently recorded along the Downs and are seen very occasionally further inland.• Beneath the downs between Hermitage and Melbury Bubb.• But a view from the Downs or from Studland Hill overlooks the indiscretions.• Norman Carlisle farms 2,000 acres on the downs.• The Kentish turn-wrest plough was used throughout the county but here on the Downs it was slightly heavier.• Her own cards sent in reply, picturing the pier or the downs behind the town, were of monumental insignificance.
5  have a down on somebody DISAPPROVE British EnglishBrE informal to dislike or have a bad opinion of someone 討厭某人，看不上某人
For some reason, Malcolm had a down on the whole teaching profession.
出於某種原因，馬爾科姆看不起整個教書行業。
→ ups and downs at up2(1)
Examples from the Corpus
down• Bring a down jacket and a pair of gloves, and you'll be fine.• a down comforter• As a result, some aspects of Hollywood history are magnified in the ups and downs of his career.• In the second quarter, he sprinted up the field 13 yards for a first down.• They averaged more than six yards a play, and they picked up nine first downs.• They also blitzed continually on first and second downs, putting the Raiders in more predictable, long-yardage situations.• Across the fields towards the downs is the disused Wilts and Berks Canal.
down- /daʊn/ prefix
1  DOWNat or towards the bottom or end of something 在[接近]某事物的底部[一端] → up-
downstairs
在樓下；往樓下
downriver (=nearer to where it goes into the sea)
近河口的；下遊的
2  DOWNused to show that something is being made smaller or less important 縮小〔規模〕；使降低〔重要性〕 OPP up-
to downgrade a job (=make it less important)
降低一項工作的重要性
to downsize a company (=reduce the number of jobs in it)
縮小一家公司的規模
3  WORSEused to show that something is bad or negative 糟的，不好的 OPP up-
the downside of a situation (=the negative part of it)
情況的不利一面
down-market products (=low quality products)
低檔産品
From Longman Business Dictionary
downdown1 /daʊn/ adverbadv
1if an amount or the level of something goes down, it falls to a lower amount or level
By lunchtime, the 100-index was down 4.2 at 3053.1.
59% of companies report sales volume down on a year ago.
The cuts have taken the company’s UK workforce down by 30%
2FINANCE cash/money down money paid as a first payment towards a larger sum. Cash down can also mean paying for something immediately in notes and coins rather than with a cheque
The sum of money to be paid is $50 cash down and ten monthly installments of $5.
→ see also down payment
3COMPUTING if a machine, system, or piece of electrical equipment is down, it is not working
My system went down over the weekend and I didn’t get any emails.
The printer can be used even when the telecommunication lines are down.
→ opposite up
downdown2 verb
down tools if the people who work in a factory down tools, they refuse to work
Workers downed tools in protest against the redundancies.
→ compare strike2
Origin down2
1. (1300-1400) Old Norse dúnn
2. (1800-1900) → DOWN2
3. Old English dun “hill”
TOEFL BNC: 102 COCA: 118
TOEFL BNC: 102 COCA: 118
down adj.
⇨ depressed
TOEFL BNC: 102 COCA: 118
down
Describing movement up or down: upward, downward, ascending...
At a low position or level: low, down, bottom...
To sit or lie down: bed down, collapse, cross your legs...
Describing movement towards a place or person: direct, advancing, oncoming...
Movements of water: course, current, down...
Describing movement away and changes of direction: away, backward, outwards...
Function words referring to location: about, across, after...
Describing movement in a specific direction: ahead, anticlockwise, around...
Words used to describe increases and decreases: accumulative, and counting, by a factor of something...
Broken, torn or damaged: broken, battered, faulty...
To process food in the body: digest, assimilate, go down...
Feeling and being unhealthy or ill: ill, frail, unfit...
Inheritance, inheriting and heritage: an accident of birth, be descended from, beneficiary...
Feeling sad or unhappy: sad, unhappy, gloomy...
Scoring points and goals: a clean sheet, aggregate, all...
Relating to computer software, systems and equipment: adaptive, antivirus, asynchronous...
Finished and completed: finished, completed, exhausted...
Describing ways of buying and selling: at cost, block booking, bogof...
Parts of birds: beak, bill, breast...
The skin, bones and fur of animals: armor, armour, beard...
Areas of land and soil with grass growing on them: downs, field, grassland...
Mountains, hills and cliffs: ascent, ben, berg...
To eat in a particular way: bite, bolt, cannibalize...
To drink in a particular way: choke down, chug, down...
To operate an aircraft: airlift, bank, buzz...
To move, or to move something downwards: fall, lower, come down...
To defeat someone in a game, competition or argument: defeat, win, beat...

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