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IELTS BNC: 1103 COCA: 1229

lack

Word family 
lack1 /læk/ ●●● S3 W2 noun [singular, uncountableU]
NOT HAVEwhen there is not enough of something, or none of it 不足，缺乏；沒有 SYN shortage OPP surplus
lack of
new parents suffering from lack of sleep
缺少睡眠的新爸爸新媽媽們
Too many teachers are treated with a lack of respect.
有太多老師得不到尊重。
comments based on a total lack of information
全無根據的評論
Does their apparent lack of progress mean they are not doing their job properly?
他們看來沒有什麽進展，是不是說明他們沒有做好本職工作？
tours that are cancelled for lack of bookings
因預訂人數不夠而取消的旅遊
There was no lack of willing helpers.
主動提出幫助的不乏其人。
health problems linked to poor diet and a relative lack of exercise
與不良飲食和運動相對缺乏相關的健康問題
n COLLOCATIONS
adjectives
a complete/total lack of something
I was amazed by his almost total lack of interest in music.
a relative/comparative lack of something
There is a relative lack of research into this medical condition.
a distinct/marked/conspicuous lack of something (=very noticeable)
She looked at him with a marked lack of enthusiasm.
an apparent lack of something (=one that seems to exist)
Adam's apparent lack of concern angered his brother.
phrases
there is no lack of something (=there is plenty of it)
There is no lack of information on the subject.
Examples from the Corpus
lack• She showed a complete lack of interest in her own baby.• The options never reached a vote, however, as the meeting was cancelled for lack of support!• I think a lot of people are surprised by my lack of being overwhelmed.• Daniel prefaces his interpretation with a review of Nebuchadnezzar's prideful fall from grace and Beishazzar's own lack of humility.• I wonder if the company have any idea how much wildlife has been killed by the lack of water.• Largely this arises from the lack of adequate time-series data on resource levels.• The lack of comprehension can be attributed in part to the paucity of electronic commerce applications that the consumer has personally experienced.• The lack of oxygen at this height saps power.• Tobaccocontrol advocates agree, saying their lack of vigilance in decades past had allowed the Tobacco Institute to gain power and influence.
relative lack of• From this position there is a relative lack of regard for the Symbolic order.• This may be related to a relative lack of social stability: being more frequently single and in less permanent accommodation.• They say they consider him uncorrupted, and are impressed by his relative lack of political ambition.• Proof of this may be demonstrated by the relative lack of pleasure when smoking a cigarette with one's eyes shut.• The lesson, the drama, the learning all appear to be at risk because of the relative lack of structure.• These factors may have contributed markedly to the relative lack of success of the minor marriages.• The relative lack of input from Texas means a relative lack of interest from the candidates.
lack2 ●●○ W3 verb
1  [transitiveT]NOT HAVE to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it 沒有；缺乏
Alex’s real problem is that he lacks confidence.
亞歷克斯的真正問題是缺乏信心。
Do not use ‘in’ or ‘of’ after the verb lack: We lack ideas (NOT We lack in/of ideas). However, you can use these prepositions after be lacking in and a lack: We are lacking in ideas. | There is a lack of ideas.
動詞 lack 後面不要用 in 或 of: We lack ideas ( 不說 We lack in/of ideas). 我們沒有主意。 但是 be lacking 和 a lack 後面可以用 in 或 of : We are lacking in ideas. 我們沒有主意。 | These is a lack of ideas. 沒主意了。
2  not lack for something formalRICH to have a lot of something 某物應有盡有，不乏某物
He does not lack for critics.
挑他毛病的人很多。
Examples from the Corpus
not lack for something• Contemporary social theory, however, does not lack for attempts at elaboration.• The Bohemian-born composer was one of the first touring pianists and his travels did not lack for drama or even farce.• Saro-Wiwa, who espoused nonviolence, did not lack for enemies.• The resistance movement will not lack for funds.
Examples from the Corpus
lack• Glenn has the discipline that Forman lacks.• Kevin lacks a willingness to try new things.• Many people lack adequate pension arrangements.• Tom lacks confidence and needs a lot of encouragement.• Obviously, even parents who have lacked early contact with their infants after hospital births generally become bonded to their babies.• And yet they have lacked enough concentration to lose five games.• They lived in appalling conditions, lacking even the most primitive sanitation.• I think I lacked inner peace.• And the Ports have lacked real aggression in midfield since McCreadie's departure!• Fourth, the fund may lack the accounting systems and performance measurement techniques to incorporate futures, so discouraging their use.• He lacked the energy to argue with him.• However, our real weakness is not that we lack the potential, but that we lack the will to act.• And so she lacked the seniority to get into that high or into that new school.• Napoleon lacked up-to-the-minute information at the crucial moment; he didn't know what Bluücher was doing.
Origin lack2
(1200-1300) Middle Dutch laken
IELTS BNC: 1103 COCA: 1229
lack

noun

ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤profound, serious, severe嚴重的缺乏➤conspicuous, distinct, notable, noticeable, obvious, remarkable明顯缺乏；顯而易見的不足◇There was a distinct lack of urgency in his manner.他的做事方式明顯缺乏緊迫感。➤apparent, perceived, seeming表面上的／察覺到的／外表上的缺乏▸➤complete, sheer, total, utter完全缺乏◇a complete lack of confidence完全缺乏信心➤general, overall普遍／總體缺乏◇a general lack of knowledge among the young年輕人當中普遍存在的知識匱乏➤relative相對缺乏PREPOSITION➤by lack of因為缺乏◇The situation was worsened by lack of communication.因為缺乏溝通，情況越來越糟。➤for lack of因為缺乏◇They lost the game, but not for lack of trying.他們輸了比賽，但已經盡力了。➤from lack of由於缺乏◇She thought she would collapse from lack of sleep.她覺得自己會因睡眠不足而垮掉。➤through lack of出於缺乏◇I've lost those skills through lack of practice.由於缺乏練習，我的那些技能已經荒疏。➤lack of⋯的缺乏◇I couldn't hide my lack of enthusiasm.我無法掩飾自己缺乏熱情的事實。PHRASES➤no lack of sth不乏⋯◇There is certainly no lack of interest in the subject.對這個話題當然不乏興趣。
lack

verb

ADVERB | VERB + LACK | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤really確實缺乏▸➤completely, entirely完全缺乏◇She completely lacks confidence.她完全沒有信心。➤apparently看似缺乏◇He apparently lacked the desire to learn.他看上去缺乏學習興趣。➤clearly, obviously明顯缺乏◇His claim clearly lacked conviction.他的主張明顯缺乏說服力。➤simply只是缺乏◇Perhaps you simply lack the intelligence to realize just how serious this is?或許只是因為你缺乏智慧，才認識不到情況有多嚴重吧？➤otherwise否則缺乏◇Her high-heeled shoes gave her the height she otherwise lacked.她的高跟鞋彌補了她身高的不足。VERB + LACK➤appear to, seem to顯得／似乎缺乏◇His life seemed to lack direction.他的人生似乎缺乏方向。PREPOSITION➤in缺乏⋯◇What they lack in talent, they make up for in conviction.天賦方面的不足，他們用信念來補償。
IELTS BNC: 1103 COCA: 1229
lack

noun

lack ♦︎ absence ♦︎ deficit ♦︎ shortage ♦︎ shortfall ♦︎ deficiency ♦︎ scarcityThese are all words for talking about not having enough of sth or sth not being there. 這些詞均表示缺乏、匮乏、短缺。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a shortage / shortfall / deficiency in sth◆a serious lack / deficit / shortage / shortfall / deficiency◆a major / severe lack / deficit / shortage / deficiency◆to have / suffer from a lack / absence / deficit / shortage / deficiency◆to face a lack / deficit / shortage / shortfall◆There is no lack / shortage / deficiency / scarcity of sth.■ lack [uncountable, singular] the state of not having sth or not having enough of sth 缺乏；匮乏；短缺◆a lack of food / money / skills缺乏食物／金錢／技能◆There was no lack of volunteers.志願者不乏其人。◆They haven't won a game yet, but it isn't for lack of trying.他們還沒赢過一場比賽，但並不是由於拼勁不足。◆The trip was cancelled through lack of (= because there was not enough) interest.因爲缺乏興趣，這次旅行取消了。  see also lacking ⇨ inadequate ▸ lack

verb

 [transitive, no passive] ◆Some houses still lack basic amenities such as bathrooms.有些住宅仍然沒有像衛生間這樣的基本設施。◆He lacks confidence.他缺乏信心。■ absence [uncountable] the fact of sb/sth not existing or not being available 不存在；缺乏◆The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.此案因缺乏確鑿證據未予受理。◆I was surprised by the absence of any women on the board of directors.我真沒想到董事會中竟然沒有女性。 OPP presence ⓘ Presence is the fact of sb/sth being in a particular place or thing. * presence指某人或某物出現或存在於特定場所或事物之中◆The test can identify the presence of abnormalities in the unborn child.這項化驗能夠鑒定出胎兒是否畸形。 ■ deficit ˈdefɪsɪt [countable] the amount by which sth, especially an amount of money, is too small or smaller than sth else 不足額；（尤指）缺款額；缺少◆There's a deficit of $3 million in the total needed to complete the project.完成這項工程所需的全款中有300萬元的虧空。◆The team has come back from a 2-0 deficit in the first half.該隊在上半場0:2落後的情況下將比分扳回。ⓘ In economics a deficit is the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time. 在經濟學中，deficit指在特定的一段時間内的赤字、逆差、虧損◆You cannot cut a budget deficit simply by raising taxes.不能僅靠增加稅收來減少預算赤字。◆The trade balance has been in deficit for the past five years.過去五年來貿易狀況一直是逆差。 OPP surplus ⇨ excess adj. ■ shortage ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ; NAmE ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ [countable, uncountable] a situation in which there is not enough of the people or things that are needed 不足；缺少；短缺◆The government must address the current acute shortage of teachers.政府必須設法解決目前師資嚴重短缺的問題。◆The recent heavy rains have helped to ease the water shortage.近期的大雨使缺水的狀況有所緩解。◆There is no shortage of (= there are plenty of) things to do in the town.城裏不愁找不到事做。OPP surplus ⇨ excess adj.   see also short ⇨ scarce ■ shortfall ˈʃɔːtfɔːl; NAmE ˈʃɔːrtfɔːl [countable] a situation in which there is not enough of sth, especially money or supplies of sth （尤指資金或供應的）缺口，差額，短缺◆Last year there was a shortfall of over 500 000 tonnes in the grain supply.去年的糧食供應有超過50萬噸的缺口。◆The estimated shortfall for this financial year is $1.2 million.本財政年度估算虧空120萬元。NOTE 辨析 Shortage or shortfall? Shortfall is used especially to talk about sth that is expected, for example the money that a company expects to make in a period of time. There can be a shortage of people as well as most things, but not◆a shortfall of people * shortfall尤指預計會出現的事情，如公司預計在一段時間内盈利減少。shortage既可指大多數事物的短缺，也可指人員的短缺，但不說a shortfall of people。■ deficiency dɪˈfɪʃnsi [uncountable, countable] the state of not having, or not having enough of, sth that is essential, especially sth that is important for your health （尤指健康攸關的物質的）缺乏，缺少，不足◆Vitamin deficiency in the diet can cause illness.飲食中缺乏維生素會導致疾病。◆The condition is caused by a deficiency of calcium.這種疾病是缺鈣引起的。   see also deficient ⇨ inadequate ■ scarcity ˈskeəsəti; NAmE ˈskersəti [uncountable, countable] a situation in which there is not enough of sth, especially food or other resources, and it is difficult to obtain it （尤指食物或其他資源的）缺乏，不足，稀少◆We must ensure that the animals are given food in times of scarcity.我們必須確保這些動物在食物短缺時有東西吃。◆The job was made more difficult because of a scarcity of data.由於缺乏數據資料，這項工作難度更大了。   see also scarce ⇨ scarce
IELTS BNC: 1103 COCA: 1229
lack
Absence and lack: absence, lack, loss...
Lacking and not having something: lack, deprived, want for...

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